谓词逻辑

Frege's second-order predicate calculus was based on the 'function-argument' analysis of propositions and it freed logicians from the limitations of the 'subject-predicate' analysis of Aristotelian logic.

弗雷格第二阶谓词微积分是基于'功能参数的分析命题，它摆脱了限制逻辑学家的'主谓'亚里士多德逻辑分析。

This theory emerged from those philosophical and logical inquires Russell made in his early stage, when Russell use logical analysis to solve the semantics problem his meaning theory suffered. The foundation of the theory of descriptions is a theory of meaning, as this thesis presents, and its central notion includes two syntax rules. Based on the first order predicates calculus, this theory seems successfully solve some notable semantics problems and then assures Russell's denotation theory.

本文认为，摹状词理论有深刻的哲学渊源，它脱胎于罗素早期的哲学和逻辑研究，直接缘起于罗素想要利用逻辑的分析方法去解决意义指谓论所面临的语义学难题；摹状词理论的基础是它的意义理论，核心是两个句法规则，它基于带等词的一阶谓词演算成功地解决了一些著名的语义学难题，维护了直观的指谓论，从而产生了巨大而深刻的哲学影响。

In the form of mathematical logic and related branches, functional predicate or function symbol is applied to an object key and generate another object entry logic symbols.

在形式逻辑和相关的数学分支中，泛函谓词或函数符号是应用于一个对象项而生成另一个对象项的逻辑符号。

Based on the logic dependent relation and first-order logic, AND/OR graphs of single target with unit agent, and single target with multi-agent, joint targets with multi-agent were gotten respectively. As an example, single target with multi-agent was used to illustrate AO(superscript *) searching algorithm of logic dependent relations.

在分析逻辑依赖关系与一阶谓词表示法基础上，分别给出了单agent单目标、多agent单目标、多agent联合目标的逻辑依赖关系的与／或图表达方法，并应用与／或图的AO搜索算法，以多agent单目标情形为例，演示多agent系统中逻辑依赖关系的计算过程。

After this, American Logician Kurt Godel proved the completeness theory of predicate calculus. This means the completion of the base of Modern Logic.

之后，美籍逻辑学家歌德尔一阶谓词演算的完备性定理，这标志着现代逻辑基础部分的完成。

But for those of us who move onto this more advanced stage, Lee's team said "this shift in strategy is analogous to shifting from proofs in the first-order predicate calculus to proofs in the first-order modal predicate calculus"- in other words, it's a pretty impressive display of logical prowess and further evidence of our ability to "make deductions about abstract matters remote from our mundane life".

但是我们中的那些进入更高等级的玩家，Lee的团队说，"这次策略的转换同从一阶谓词演算证据到一阶情态谓词演算证据非常类似"——换句话说，这是一次令人印象深刻的展示：逻辑的力量和我们具备对"远离日常生活的抽象事物进行演绎"的能力。

The logical system Qs is obtained from the pure predicate calculus by adding a binary predicate constant S which denotes the sanctions, an individual constant c denoting the state institutions, and some definitions of deontic modal words but not adding axioms or deducible means.

它以狭义谓词演算为基础，在其形式语言中添加专指"制裁"行为的谓词常项，添加专指"国家机关"这种法人的个体常项，添加规范词的定义，但不添加推演工具，就可次生出关于法律规范的逻辑。

In the first-order logic, predicate variable is said of a relationship between the predicate letters, this relationship has not been assigned to any particular special relationship or meaning

在一阶逻辑中，谓词变量是表示一个关系的谓词字母，这个关系还没有被特殊的指派任何特定的关系或意义

By "extended", it makes sense to propose two principles, one is the type re-arrangement principle and the other is logic predicate principle.

我们所提出的逻辑语义分析法的扩充性主要体现在两个方面：一是加入了类的重设原则；二是在语义的分析过程坚持把逻辑谓词视作为是承载着整个句式的主要语义信息。

Part Three The study of Lattice-valued Modal First-order Logic System and Its Resolution Principle In this part, we introduced quantifiers and predicate into LMP, put up lattice-valued modal first-order logic system LMF, and gave its semantic interpretation and syntax structure, proved soundness theorem and consistence theorem. Moreover, in order to judge the satisfiability of formula, defined Skolem standard type and H-interpretation. Based on these work, made a primary discussion of a - resolution principle based on LMF.

第三部分：关于格值模态一阶逻辑系统及其归结原理的研究第n页西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文这一部分主要是在格值模态命题逻辑系统LMP队）中引进量词和谓词，建立格值模态一阶逻辑系统LMF（广并给出其语又解释和语法结构，证明了系统的可靠性和协调性；另外，为了判断公式的可满足性，定义了格值模态一阶公式的 Skolem标准型和体解释；在此基础上，对基于系统LMF的a一归结原理进行了初步探讨。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。