谏

The advisor system is a component of China's absolute monarchy and an important political and historical phenomenon in ancient China.

谏官制度是中国专制君主政体的构成部分之一，是值得研究的重要政治历史现象。

For the first,the best preservative to keep the mind in health, is the faithful admonition of a

说到第一种，最能保人心神之健康的预防药就是朋友的忠言规谏。

Ever since the establishment of "Protectorship" \%in Zhou \%Dynasty, advisors have been appointed in various dynasties.

自周代设"保氏"以降，各朝皆有谏议大夫等谏官的设置。

Remonstrance for advice, because of external factors of the various methods used, that is known as the remonstrant method.

进行谏诤，因外在因素所使用的各种方法，即称为谏法。

Therefore, this article entitled "The study of remonstrant method – the example of "Zuo Zhuan" and "Shi Ji", that is from the "Zuo Zhuan" and "Shi Ji to proceed, and study of the advice recorded in the two materials for remonstrance's meaning, categories, and methods to supplement the lack of research in this area.

因此本文名为《谏法研究──以《左传》、《史记》为范畴》，即是从《左传》和《史记》著手，对此二者所记载的劝谏材料中，针对谏诤的意涵、谏诤的类别和谏诤的方法做深入探讨，以期能稍补谏诤和谏法这个领域研究的匮乏。

Pre-after advice by the experts have noted that this area of remonstrant method and analysis into the literature membership plans at the time, there has been criticism of the said five remonstrant methods, but the various headings of the interpretation was not often the same.

先秦以后的经学家曾注意到谏诤这个领域，并分析归纳当时的图籍文献，出现了五谏之说，然而各个标目常有所重出，而解释亦不相同。

It is said that Han Shizhong-the famed Commander fighting against Jin Kingdom in South Song Dynasty built up four great walls here to post remonstration to Jin Kingdom, so named the Town.

谏壁历史悠久，相传南宋抗金名将韩世忠在此造起四道巨大墙壁，供士兵们张贴抗金谏文而得名。

The admonishing practice of many officials enriched the admonition theory in ancient China.

明代官员的进谏实践，进一步丰富了中国古代的进谏理论。

The government helps the citizens by keeping order and security in a country, and the citizens in turn help the government by obeying the law, answering drafts, paying taxes and other support, when necessary dissenting and dissuading, and so forth. The parents help the offspring by raising and teaching them, and the offspring in turn help the parents by obeying, respecting, providing support and care during the parents' old age, when necessary dissenting and dissuading, and so forth.

政府以维持秩序和安全来帮助人民，人民也反过来以守法、服役、纳税供养、有必要时劝谏等等行为来帮助政府；父母以教导和养育来帮助子女成长，子女们也反过来以服从、尊敬、侍奉老年、有必要时劝谏等行为来帮助父母。

Among the plentiful expostulations and diplomatic behaviors that depicted in Zuo Zhuan, some supplementary unusual behaviors are used to show speaker's recessive purpose, such as to hint by the strange manner, to lure and admonish by asking, to fight fallacies by fallacies, to touch with human compassion, and to scare and succumb the weird behaviors, etc.

摘要在《左传》所叙写的一系列谏说、外交行为活动中，一方为表明个体的隐性意愿，往往辅助性地采取了一些超出常理的行为方式，诸如奇异行为，巧作暗示；设疑诱问，寓谏于答；以谬制谬，克敌制胜；动之以行，感彼藉泪；极端行为，假威慑强，等等。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。