调节器

It is not usuallyfall below 18°C, a steam coil or electric immersion heater should be fittedto the tank. The solution deteriorates rapidly if heated above 35°C and athermostat MUST be fitted to a heated tank. Overheating the Alocrom

通常不需要加热浴缸，但是如果工厂的温度下降到18°以下，浴缸应该安装蒸气旋管或浸没式电热器，如果加热到35°以上，溶液会很快变质，因此加热的浴缸要安装上恒温调节器。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The design method of PID controller based on pole-assignment is proposed in this paper. The simulations indicate that this PID controlled inverter provides nice characteristics. A method of PI controller combined with instantaneous differential voltage is also proposed, which is equivalent to PID control in essence and can be seen as a simplified dual-loop form. Accordingly it is a simple but effective adjustment.

本文研究了基于极点配置的PID控制器的设计方法，仿真结果显示这种PID控制器性能优越，同时还提出一种PI调节器结合电压微分反馈的调节方式，并指出这种调节方式和PID调节其实是等效的，而且是一种简化的双环形式，因此是一种简单而有效的调节方式。

In this thesis, the design scheme of a DSP-controlled inverter applied in mobile generator is presented at the beginning and then the design method of control system is mainly discussed. Equivalent output impedance model of instantaneous voltage and current closed-loop controlled inverter is established on the foundation mentioned above. How the values of LC filter, parameters of PI regulator and feedback coefficient etc. affect the external characteristic of inverter is analyzed in detail. Non-linear factor of inverter are also discussed and corresponding solutions are put forward.

本文首先给出了移动发电机DSP控制逆变模块的设计方案，着重讨论了控制系统的设计方法，在此基础上建立了电压电流瞬时值双闭环控制的逆变模块等效输出阻抗模型，对滤波器LC值、PI调节器参数和反馈系数等各项因素对逆变模块输出外特性的影响进行了详细分析，并探讨了逆变模块中非线性因素对输出波形的影响，提出了相应的解决方案。

Based on the instantaneous output voltage and filter inductor current double closed loop feedback control and through sharing the same voltage regulator, the current sharing is achieved.

基于主从控制的逆变器并联系统由3个采用输出电压瞬时值和滤波电感电流瞬时值双闭环反馈控制的逆变器模块构成，通过共用电压调节器实现负载均分。

The disadvantages of the currunt state regulators with integral function are analysized, and their control effects have been compared.

进而分析了现有的具有积分作用的状态调节器的缺点，并对它们的控制效果进行了分析和比较。

Hysteretic-current-loop PWM invertor is its main circuit.

转速闭环采用带限幅的PI调节器，主电路采用电流滞环控制PWM逆变器。

These signal conditioners provide a low cost solution ideal for applications where single point, isolated thermocouple signal conditioning is required. The 8511 and 8512 are designed to operate into a common 24 volt, 7mA PLC high-speed counter input.

这些信号调节器为需要单个点，孤立的热电偶信号调节的应用，提供了理想的低成本解决方案。8511和8512是为能够在普通的24伏，7mA PLC的高速计数器输入下的运行而设计的。

Methods Laser sight Compak-200 laser and SCMD corneal shaper were used to corecte residual myopic after radial keratotomy on 38 eyes by PRK and 9 eyes by LASIK.

采用美国 COMPAK- 2 0 0型准分子激光治疗仪和SCMD公司的可调节器式气动微型角膜刀，分别对 RK后残留近视的 38眼和 9眼行 PRK和 L ASIK术，并随访半年以上。

Qinghai Lake is the largest inland salt-water lake in our country which has a very important ecological position:It is the natural defence and climate adjuster of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖，有着极其重要的生态地位：是青藏高原重要的生态屏障和气候调节器，他的环境关乎着全省将来的发展。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了