说明物

Suggest what the metabolite might be, and why the metabolism of toluene is different from that of benzene.

说明代谢物可能是什么，并且说明为什么甲苯的代谢物和苯的代谢物不同。

The analyses of soil samples indicate that there are high values of physical clay fraction in arbor-bush-grass complex forest and apple orchard, which means strong capability to resist soil wind erosion.

3不同农地表层土壤机械组成分析表明，乔灌草地和苹果园地表层土壤物理性粘粒含量含量较高，说明其抗风蚀能力较强；葡萄园地和灌木林地表层土壤物理性粘粒含量较低，说明其抗风蚀能力较弱。

On the basis of the kinetic equation of substrate reaction in the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, all microscopic kinetic constants for the free enzyme and enzyme-substrate binary and ternary complexes have been determined. The results of the present studies indicate that:①In the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, enzyme-substrate complexes lose their activity less rapidly than the free enzyme. Therefore, both substrates, NADPH and 7, 8-dihydrofolate, protect dihydrofolate reductase against inactivation.②The denaturation of dihydrofolate reductase by urea follows single-phase kinetics, and changes in enzyme activity and tertiary structure proceed simultaneously in the unfolding process, so it may be an"all or none"process.③The GdnHCl-induced unfolding of the dihydrofolate shows a biphasic transition, while the change in the enzyme activity is a single exponential process. The rate constant of inactivation is consistent with that of the fast conformational change. Therefore, the kinetic intermediate of protein unfolding should be a partially folded and inactive form.

我们根据在脲或盐酸胍存在下的底物反应动力学方程求得游离酶和酶底物二元、三元复合物的微观动力学常数，结果表明：①酶-底物二元、三元复合物的失活速度明显慢于游离酶，说明两个底物二氢叶酸和NADPH对酶的失活都具有一定程度的保护作用；②在脲作用下，酶的失活和构象变化均为单指数项过程，而且酶的活力丧失和三级结构变化是同时发生的，说明二氢叶酸还原酶的脲变性可能是一个"全或无"的两态过程；③在盐酸胍作用下，酶的构象变化为两相过程，而失活则是单指数项过程，酶分子构象变化的快相速度常数与失活速度常数基本一致，因此我们认为二氢叶酸还原酶的盐酸胍变性过程中存在一个没有活力、但仍具备一定空间结构的变性中间体。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

The results showed that all components had low substrate affinity for CMC, and V〓 can be reached only at higher substrate concentration. The K〓 value of βglucosidase to salicin is 0.2%.

通过对各酶组分动力学参数的测定，五种内切酶对底物CMC-Na的Km值分别为（从EGⅡ-1到EGⅣ）；6.8％、4.6％、6.8％、8.7％和5.9％，说明这五种内切酶对底物的亲和力较小，需要在较高的底物浓度下才能达到Vmax；β-葡萄糖苷酶对底物水杨素的Km值为0.2％。

The RAPD was used to study the genetic diversity of 19 KinXin series potato cultivars. The result showed that 52 RAPD bands were amplified using 7 primer, among them 43 bands were polymorphic, and 4~9 bands were amplified in each lane. The RAPD analysis indicated that the genetic distance of 19 potato cultivars was between 0.17~0.72, average value was 0.39. When all of the polymorphic bands were analysed by cluster analysis, 19 potato cultivars were classified into 3 groups. The analysis showed that there existed close sibship among the majority of potato cultivars, and the genetic distance between the minority cultivars and the others is longer, which indicate that the genetic basis of KeXin series potato cultivars is wide.

利用RAPD标记技术对19份克新系列马铃薯品种进行了遗传多样性分析，分别提取19份马铃薯品种的DNA，进行随机引物多态性扩增，从1000条随机引物中初步筛选出7条有多态性的引物进行详细研究，每条RAPD引物扩增出4~9条带，共获得52条带，其中多态性条带为43条；19份马铃薯品种的遗传距离介于0.17~0.72之间，平均值为0.39，平均遗传距离介于0.31~0.51之间；聚类分析结果在GS=0.53处可将克新系列马铃薯品种划分为三类，聚类结果与系谱分析基本相符，同时也说明克新系列马铃薯的遗传基础有所拓宽。

The primers and the detection programs have been used to detect the pathogens in the inoculated-diseased cucumber plants .The details are reported as follows: 1. By using the primers ITS1/ITS4, only Fusarium isolates could be amplified to produce a special fragment of 750bp. This product generated 480bp, 200bp and 100bp fragments after digested by restriction enzyme HinfⅠonly from the pathogen of Cucurbits Fusarium Wilt.

引物ITS1/ITS4只在镰孢属菌株上扩增到一条750bp分子片段，其他供试菌株无扩增条带产生，扩增产物经HinfⅠ酶解后，只有瓜类尖镰孢菌产生480bp、200bp和100bp 3条带，说明该PCR-RFLP程序对瓜类尖镰孢菌具有特异性；巢式PCR引物BIK1/BIK4和BIK2/BIK3只有在黄瓜尖镰孢菌菌株上扩增到一条800bp分子片段，其他菌株均无扩增条带产生，说明该巢式PCR程序对黄瓜尖镰孢菌具有特异性。

First, the significant of co-factor InsP6 and center water in the mechanism of auxins are explored by docking; second, the experiments that compared with the docking rusults of two situations involving fully rigid and selective flexible of active residue of the receptor TIR1 illuminate that selective flexibility docking by AutoDock4 reports more rational results, so that, AutoDock4 dockings are implemented with TIR1-Auxins; third, AutoDock4 docking by TIR1-Auxins-Aux/IAA illuminates that auxin as a molecular glue enhances the interaction between TIR1 receptor and Aux/IAA substrate by the weak interactions, such as hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, furthermore, the weak interactions between receptor protein and ligands greatly influence on auxin activity of auxin ligands.

首先， 通过分子对接计算研究辅酶InsP6以及中心水分子在生长素反应中的重要作用；其次，比较受体大分子完全刚性以及活性残基部分柔性的两种情况下的分子对接结果，说明AutoDock4实现了受体分子活性残基的部分柔性而使对接结果更加合理，进而使用AutoDock4方法对TIR1-Auxins体系进行对接计算；最后，对TIR1-Auxins-Aux/IAA体系进行分子对接计算，结果表明，生长素配体分子作为&分子胶水&直接与受体大分子TIR1以及底物多肽Aux/IAA形成强的弱相互作用，如氢键作用、疏水相互作用，促进了受体TIR1与Aux/IAA底物之间的结合，进而说明氢键作用和疏水相互作用等弱相互作用对于生长素分子的活性具有很大的影响。

Based on the study of chronology and geochemistry of Cd in sediments of the Dongting lake area, we have established an ARIMA model of Cd and Cd/Ca in Quaternary and Holocene period respectively, and discussed Cd evolutionary regularity according to the fitted value and predicted value of the model The results revealed that the Cd evolution has remarkable periodicity of ecogeochemistry cycles, and is correlated with the climate change of alternative cold and warm Cd/Ca is changed with climate, from which the evolutionary history of regional ecogeochemistry can be inferred The changes of Cd and Cd/Ca are basically simultaneous, which showed that the change of Cd is mainly a natural evolution Cd in sediments will rise in the next 30 years and then tend to decrease From the regularity of ecogeochemistry indexes and global environment variation, it is concluded that the natural environment is the dominant factor affecting the Cd deposition

在对洞庭湖区沉积物钻探取样的年代学和地球化学研究基础上，分别建立第四纪和全新世时期Cd和Cd/Ca的时间序列演化ARIMA模型，并据模型的拟合值及未来预测值对区域地球化学环境中Cd的演化规律进行了探讨，结果显示区内Cd的演化有较显著的周期性--环境地球化学旋回，与气候多次冷暖的交替有关；沉积物Cd/Ca受气候环境等控制，分析该比值的变化规律可推测区域环境地球化学的演变历史；Cd和Cd/Ca两者的变化基本同步，说明该区Cd的演化主要为自然演化；未来30年内沉积层的Cd含量仍有逐渐增高的趋势，之后转为降低。从本区环境地球化学指标的时间变化规律及其与全球环境变化的相关联中说明自然条件是区域镉等元素沉积的主控因素。

Sediments of this system were sequentially extracted in natural granularity. The result showed that there was a good linear relationship between organic matter and org / bact P contents in sediments. This organic matter in sediments was the source of org / bact P. The total phosphorus in sediments dominated the content of total dissolved phosphorus and phosphate in interstitial water. In addition, there were good relatiohships between total phosphorus in sediment and the total dissolved phosphorus in interstitial water, and between total phosphorus in sediment and phosphate in interstitial water. FeP and AlP in sediments were correlative with Eh and phosphate in interstitial water, respectively. This showed that the FeP and AlP contents were affected by Eh in interstitial water and the total content of FeP and AlP dominated the content of phosphate in interstitial water.

对沉积物—间隙水中磷形态的连续提取分析发现，自然粒度下，沉积物中有机质含量与沉积物中有机/细菌聚合磷存在很好的线性相关性，说明沉积物中有机质是有机/细菌聚合磷的源；沉积物中总磷决定间隙水中总溶解性磷和溶解性磷酸盐的含量，并且总磷与间隙水中总溶解性磷和溶解性磷酸盐存在很好的相关性；沉积物中FeP和AlP分别与间隙水中的Eh和溶解性磷酸盐存在相关性，说明Eh的大小严重影响FeP和AlP的含量，但是FeP和AlP含量之和又主导着间隙水中溶解性磷酸盐的含量。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。