诱导的

0Mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine was the optimal concentration of shoots quantity inducing which frequency of inducing shoots and number of shoots per explant were 100% and 11.1 respectively. 0.5mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine was the optimal concentration of shoots length inducing which average length of shoots was 12.0mm. Explant size had significantly effects on direct shoots quantity and length induction. When complete cotyledon used as explant, frequency of inducing shoots, number of shoots per explant and average length of shoots could approach to 100%, 6.7 and 17.1mm respectively. 2.0mg/L silver nitrate could significantly increase shoot quantity induction, both frequency of inducing shoots and number of shoots per explant could be as high as 97.2% and 4.2 respectively. But silver nitrate also could restrain shoots elongation.

结果表明：不同黄瓜品种直接不定芽数量诱导存在显著差异，但长度诱导无显著差异；6-苄氨基嘌呤对直接不定芽数量和长度的诱导作用显著，其中4.0mg/L为数量诱导适宜浓度，其出芽率和每外植体出芽数达到最高，分别为100.0%和11.1，0.5mg/L为长度诱导适宜浓度，其平均芽长12.0mm；外植体的大小对直接不定芽数量和长度均具显著影响，随着子叶的增大诱导直接不定芽的数量和长度增加，其中单片完整子叶为最适宜大小，其出芽率、每外植体出芽数和平均芽长分别达到100%、6.7和17.1mm；硝酸银也对直接不定芽数量诱导影响显著，其中2.0mg/L为适宜浓度，出芽率和每外植体出芽数分别达到97.2%和4.2，但对芽长有抑制作用。

We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church of God, to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scriptures; 1Ti 3:15 , and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, and the majesty of the style and the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole,(which is to give all glory to God,) the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, and many other incomparable excellencies, and its entire perfections, are arguments whereby it does abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding; our full persuasion, and assurance of the infallible truth, and its divine authority, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.

1Jo 2：20，27 Joh 16：13，14 1Co 2：10-12 Isa 59：21 5 ），我们可能会提出和诱导的证词神的教会，以一个高reverent自尊的圣经； 1ti 3：15 ，和heavenliness的问题，效能的原则，以及英国的风格和同意，所有的部件，其范围整体而言，（这是让所有的荣耀归于上帝，）充分发现它的唯一途径，以人的救赎，以及其他许多无法比拟的阁下，并在其整个完善，是论点，即它充分证据证明自己是上帝的话，可是，尽管我们的全力劝说，并保证该不会犯错误的事实，它的神圣权力，是来自外来的工作，圣灵，同时据现场目击者和与这个词在我们的心中。

The test that induction plastochron is designed as 7 days and the inductions are made for three times results in good effect. And duration of the induction can remain 7 days.

葡聚六糖诱导黄瓜抗霜霉病的效果以质量浓度为10μg/L ，诱导间隔期为7d ，连续诱导 3次效果较好，其诱导持续期可达 7d。

The blank group, the pure chondrogenic inductor group and the group of the G ranula of P enetrating Bone and Removing Pain mixed with chondrogenic inductor. We adopted pro-culture solution, pure chondrogenic induced culture solution （ TGF-β310ug/L , Dex10-7mol/L , VitC50mg/L ） and the chondrogenic induced culture solution which included the serum of the G ranula. All groups were cultivated in 50ml cell culture bottles. The effects of the G ranula of P enetrating Bone and Removing Pain on chondrogenic phenotype differentiation of BMSCs were investigated after being cultivated for 1, 2, 3 weeks, then cells observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and immunocytochemical stain.

3将第2代SD大鼠BMSCs分为空白对照组、单纯软骨诱导剂组及透骨消痛颗粒含药血清加软骨诱导剂组，采用原培养液、软骨诱导培养液（TGF-β310ug/L，Dex10-7mol/L，VitC50mg/L）及透骨消痛颗粒含药血清的软骨诱导培养液，50ml细胞培养瓶内进行培养，1、2、3周后通过倒置相差显微镜及免疫细胞化学染色等实验技术，研究透骨消痛颗粒对BMSCs诱导成软骨细胞的影响。

By employing such a method, 5 series of elastomers, including natural rubbers, elastomeric polyester fibers and ethylene-octene, ethylene-methyl acrylate as well as SIS triblock copolymers, were investigated with the purpose of studying elongation induced phase structure and mobility changes of the samples. For NR samples, it was demonstrated that there exists a small amount of crystals at RT even for unelongated samples. For both NR and the soft segment of PEE, with the increase of elongation ratio, the elongation-induced crystallinity increases almost linearly in a certain region of R, in accord with the increase of the lamellar thickness of the crystals; The behavior of ethylene copolymers, in terms of elongation induced morphorpholgy changes, are quite different from NR and PEE. The crystals are found to be gradually destroyed with the increase of R, with accord with the decrease of the lamellar thickness; The motional behavior of the soft segment of SIS, changes from "liquid" to "solid", in terms of 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation.For many of the aformented samples, the dependence of 13C spin-lattice relaxtion time T1 on R are different for different groups, indicating that the changes of mobility at MHz frequency region with elongation are different for different groups.

通过对天然橡胶、聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、SIS等高分子弹性体样品聚集态结构和分子运动的研究，获得了一些新的实验结果，如：给出了确切的实验证据，证明了室温下未拉伸的天然橡胶样品中存在着微量的结晶；发现随着拉伸比增加，天然橡胶及聚醚酯样品的软段部分会出现拉伸诱导的结晶，且结晶度在一定范围内呈现近似线性的增加，所形成晶片的厚度也随之逐渐增加；而乙烯共聚物随着拉伸比的增加，原有的结晶会被逐渐破坏，晶片厚度逐渐变薄，结晶中的缺陷逐渐增加；随着拉伸比的增加，SIS中PI软段部分的核磁共振弛豫行为会出现从液态到固态的转变等；在对上述多个体系的研究中，还发现不同基团的自旋-晶格弛豫时间随着拉伸比呈现不同的变化趋势，表明不同基团的高频运动随拉伸比增加有不同的变化规律。

Cells in the induction group were incubated in 1.5 mL of osteoinductive medium, supplemented with 10-8 mol/L dexamethasone, 10 mol/L β-glycerophosphoric acid, and 50 mg/L vitamin C.

选取第3代骨髓间充质干细胞和脂肪间充质干细胞，按5×107 L-1接种后各分为2组：诱导组加入含10-8 mol/L地塞米松、10 mol/L β-甘油磷酸、50 mg/L维生素C的成骨诱导培养基1.5 mL，未诱导组不加入成骨诱导培养基。

Results The peak of antibacterial activity appeared at 36-48 hafter induced by four inducements (Because many M.domestica larvae pupated,we did not observe the peak of antibacterial activity by heat-shock). The antibacterial activity of antibacterial proteins by S.aureus was best,and the antibacterial activity of antibacterial proteins by heat-shock was better than control group.

结果 各诱导组诱导家蝇幼虫产生抗菌蛋白达最大活性时间为诱导后36～48h(热诱导后家蝇幼虫很快化蛹，未观察抗菌蛋白产生高峰时间)；金黄色葡萄球菌诱导后的抗菌蛋白抗菌活性最佳，热诱导后的抗菌蛋白抗菌活性也较未诱导组好。

ANP and CX43 began to express at 2nd week after induction and increased gradually,about 60% of the resulting myogenic cells were positive at 4th week after induction ,they were negative for uninduced cells.hMSCs'surface antigen profiles obtained by Flow Cytometry were negative for CD31\CD34\CD45 before and after induction,but CD90 expressed higher after induction while was weak positive before induction(P.05). Apotosis index was correlated with the cultural time after induction,The apoptosis rate of induced hMSCs was remarkably higher than control group(P.01),and the variation between groups was notable(P.05),the cell cycle analysis showed that the percentages of G_0/G_1phases were reduced significantly after induction. The expresstion levels ofβ-MHC and CTNT mRNA were undetectable before induction,began to increase at 1st、4th week after induction,reached the peak at 6th week and decreased after that,the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA varied regularly after treated with 5-azacytidine. hMSCs'resting membrane potential、range and rate of depolarization were heightened gradually after being induced.

结果：hMSCs诱导前为纺锤形，诱导后第2天部分细胞即开始发生形变，呈球形或短棒状，1周后胞浆中颗粒增多，约20～30%细胞边缘呈毛刷样变化；hMSCs表面抗原CD31、CD34、CD45在诱导前后差异无统计学意义，CD90未诱导时表达呈弱阳性，诱导后明显增高(P.05)；ANP和CX43在诱导前无表达，诱导后第2周开始表达且表达随时间逐渐增强，但CX43在诱导后第5周表达量开始降低。hMSCs诱导后凋亡指数随诱导后培养时间增加，低浓度诱导组低于标准浓度诱导组，组间差异有统计学意义(P.05)，G_0/G_1期细胞比例诱导后较对照组显著减少(P.05)；β-MHC和CTNT基因分别在诱导后第1周和第4周时表达开始增强，在第6周时均达到高峰，第8周时表达开始衰减，Bcl-2、Bax基因表达呈时间依赖性变化，hMSCs经诱导后随心肌样细胞特征的表达膜静息电位、去极化幅值和去极化速率逐渐增高。

ABSTRACT It is because that the excellent acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are insufficient in our country, especially in the southwest mountain areas of china and hereditary variation regularity for the two characters such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction and number of regenerating plant (these two characters were abbreviated to the nduction efficiency and number of regenerating in the following of the paper, respectively), which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear. Therefore, aiming at picking out superior acceptors, we had made systematic researches on the two characters with combing traditional quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as single-factor genetic mating design, diallel crossing genetic design, genetic effect analyzing method and the modern molecular locating method such as QTLs'. The main results are followed.(1) 50 superior inbred lines and about 30 crosses in our country, especially in the southwest of China were used for identifying and selecting the superior genotypes in the above two investigated characters under the same culturing condition in 2000 and 2001. There was very significant difference among the genotypes in the both characters. But the two characters were not certainly related. Some genotypes such as 18-599 and 18-599 were very good in them. For some ones such as zong 31, induction was higher than 18-599 and 18-599 in the efficiency, but it was only 1/3 to the later in regenerating number. In some genotypes such as S37, R08, R15, P138, A318, induction efficiency was just about 3% and scarcely any regenerating plants were got. On the whole, hybrids acted better than inbreeds in the both characters.(2) Two kind of inbreeds were selected as parents of the Griffing's method 1. 18-599 and 18-599 and the inbred line zong 31 are one kind because they are not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding, such as CA, resistance to disease and the important agricultural characters, but also excellent in transformation characters as the induction and regeneration.

针对我国、特别是西南山地所需玉米转基因工程育种优良受体极为匮乏和反应玉米幼胚培养能力的2个主要性状，即玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数的遗传变异规律十分不清楚的实际情况，本研究从筛选玉米转基因工程所需要的优良受体入手，采用单因素遗传交配设计、双列杂交遗传交配设计、世代基因效应等传统数量性状分析方法，以及现代分子标记定位主效QTL分析方法，对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状进行了较为系统的分析研究，取得以下主要研究结果：(1)于2000年和2001年通过对我国、特别是西南地区近50份优良自交系和近30个杂交组合，在相同培养条件下，对幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个幼胚培养能力性状进行了筛选与鉴定，发现玉米不同基因型具有完全不同的幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数，但幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数并不具有必然的相关关系，有的基因型，如自交系18-599和18-599在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状都表现相当优异；有的基因型，如自交系综31，仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率性状表现高于19-599和18-599，但在胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数这一性状则与它们有相当大的差距，仅为19-599和18-599的1/3左右；有的基因型，如S37、R08、R15、P138、A318等玉米自交系不仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率很低，平均仅在3％左右，而且胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数表现也很差，基本上没有分化成苗。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。