诱导物

The friable embryogenic callus with small grains and without proembryo formation was screened in the process of continuous subcultures for 4~6 times on the medium with low content of sucrose from embryogenic cultures induced from immature embryos in litchi (Litchi chinensis Soon.). The well-scattered embryogenic cell suspensions could be rapidly established from the friable embryogenic callus in 2 liquid initial MS media respectively supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mg/L or 2,4-D 2 mg/L, KT1 mg/L and AgNO3 5 mg/L shaking at 100~120 r/min within 10-14 days.

荔枝幼胚诱导的胚性培养物在低糖条件下连续继代4~6次左右，可筛选到颗粒细小、不含原胚的松散型胚性愈伤组织；以这种松散的胚性愈伤组织作为起始材料，在附加2，4-D 2mg/L或2，4-D 2mg/L、KT1 mg/L、AgNO3 5mg/L的MS液体启动培养基上振荡培养（100~120 r/min）10~14 d，即可建立起分散性良好的胚性悬浮细胞系。

Pyramidalis 'Opera 8277' Leaves Exposed to Different Volatiles

篇名 不同挥发物诱导的合作杨叶片中POD，PPO及PAL活性变化

"Chemopreventive properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on human gastric carcinoma cells through apoptosis induction and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling activation.

68，&生科所&，&陈璟贤&，，&助理教授&，&研究论文&，洛神花萃取物经由活化JNK/p38MAPK讯息路径诱导人类胃癌细胞凋谢死亡以达到化学预防之功效。

The identification of protein were performed by searching the mass spectrometry data from the NCBInr database using the software of Sequest Bioworks3. 2. The results indicated that over 25 protein components including acid and basis phospholipase A2, nerve growth factor, presynaptic neurotoxin, hemorrhagic factor, thrombin-like enzyme, serine protease, glycogen synthase, metalloproteinase, maturase, L-amino acid oxidase, plasminogen activator, adhesion, cysteine-rich secretory protein, disintegrin, fibronectin-binding protein, fibrinogen clotting inhibitor A chain, vascular apoptosis-inducing protein 1, pyranose 2-oxidase, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, as well as the homology proteins of snake venom ablomin, ablomin, catrin, mucrofirase, pallabin, salmosin and triflin homologues were identified from the GSSV.

从GSSV中鉴定出超过25种蛋白组分，主要包括：酸性磷脂酶A1、碱性磷脂酶A2、神经生长因子、突触前神经毒素、出血因子、类凝血酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶、糖原合酶、金属蛋白酶、成熟酶、L-氨基酸氧化酶、纤溶酶源激活物、外源凝集素、富含半胱氨酸分泌酶、去整合素、纤连蛋白结合蛋白、纤维蛋白原凝固抑制因子A、血管凋亡诱导蛋白1、氨甲酰基磷酸合成酶、吡喃糖－2-氧化酶以及ablomin， catrin， mucrofirase， pallabin， salmosin和triflin的同源蛋白。

The inducible nitric oxide synthase is obviously expressed in speen of rats under the predator stress, suggesting important function for iNOS in speen physiology. However, the expression and subcellular localization for NOS in speen development and differentiation are largely unknown. In the present study, the changes in iNOS activity in spleen of rats under predator stress were studied to explore the role of iNOS in the decreased immunoactivity of the stressed rats. The changes in iNOS were observed with immunobistochemical method, and the contents of NOS and NO in spleen with biochemical method.

在捕食压力下，大鼠脾脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶明显表达，说明iNOS起到了重要的生理功能，然而，NOS的表达及在亚细胞水平的定位以及相应的差异变化等都很不明确，本试验采用捕食应激模型，利用免疫组织化学方法和生化测定，检测心理性应激对大鼠脾脏iNOS活性的影响及探讨这种影响与应激动物免疫力下降之间的关系。

After corticosteroid withdrawal, between-group differences in spirometric values, lung volumes, exhaled nitric oxide, induced sputum cell counts, and biomarkers of inflammation in sputum supernatant and blood were measured, and interactions explored.

新西兰学者对79名女性进行了观察研究（包括肥胖哮喘患者、正常体重哮喘患者、肥胖非哮喘者及正常体重非哮喘者），比较激素撤退后肺功能、肺容积、呼出气NO、诱导痰细胞计数、痰上清及血液中炎症标记物的组间差别并探讨他们的相互关系。

It is suggested that mechanisms protecting epidermis of squamata species from UVB damage may involve in (1) Physical defensive mechanism: the death epidermal layer limited UVB transmitting to the viable cells;(2) Biochemical defensive mechanism: up-regulated CAT may protect skin from reactive oxygen species which may induced by UVB. Moreover, the lipid and proteins in the β-, meso- and α-layer may absorb incident UVB and formed damaged products that were limited in the original site;(3) Cellular defensive mechanism: quick initiating of proliferation of the germinal cells and forming of the new epidermis and shedding out the damaged epidermis shortened the damage process and restricted the damage area.

1物理性防御：角质层和中层阻挡绝大部分UVB透过，最大限度地减轻生发层的损伤；(2)生化性防御：通过上调CAT活性以减轻LVB诱导的活性氧对表皮的损伤，同时角质层蛋白质和中层脂类可吸收UVB，且形成的有害产物被局限于原位；(3)细胞性防御：通过迅速启动再生修复过程形成新的表皮，及时蜕去积累了脂类过氧化产物、受损蛋白质和晒斑细胞等的受损表皮，有效防止损伤的持续和蔓延。

The electron-rich and sterically hindered ligand 9d provides the best enantioselectivities (up to 97.8 % ee) for various chalcones as the substrates.

其中富电子且空间位阻较大的配体gd对查耳酮类底物表现了最好的手性诱导能力，加成产物的ee值达到94.7一97.8%。

Based on the theory and methods used fungal elicitors to induce accumulation of some secondary metabolic products accumulation in plant suspended cell cultivation, we have selected several kinds of fungal strains which are antagonistic or syntrophic to Cordyceps militaris and prepared the crude elicitors.

借鉴真菌激发子诱导植物细胞悬浮培养中次生代谢产物富积的理论、方法，筛选出对蛹虫草有拮抗或互生关系的真菌菌株并制备激发子粗提物。

Chicken IL-15(ChIL-15), Which was discovered in 2001, plays a main role in activating NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells, and may therefore have potential as a vaccine adjuvant.According to published ChIL-15 gene sequence, a pair of primers were designed and synthesized to clone ChIL-15 cDNA from ConA-activated chicken splenocytes by RT-PCR. Recombinant plasmid pUC19ChIL-15 carrying the ChIL-15 gene was constructed. The gene encoding mature ChIL-15 (mChIL-15) was amplified from pUC19ChIL-15 by PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. After digested with Kpn I /Pst I , the mChIL-15 gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pPRoEX橦Ta and transformed into E.coli DH5a .The transformant was induced by IPTG, and the recombinant ChIL-15(rChIL-15) was expressed as a fusion protein with a histidine hexamer tag at the N-terminal end of the protein. Following expression, the protein was purified by ProBond?Nickel-Chelating Resin. The uninduced and induced protein lysates and the purified protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane to identify rChIL-15 by Western blot. The rChIL-15 was used to immune the guinea pig to obtain rChIL-15 polyclonal antibody.

参考已发表的ChIL-15基因序列，设计合成引物，应用RT-PCR技术从刀豆球蛋白A活化的白来航鸡脾淋巴细胞中克隆ChIL-15 cDNA，将其与SmalⅠ酶切处理的pUC19载体连接，构建重组质粒pUC19ChIL-15；用PCR技术从pUC19ChIL-15中扩增出去信号肽的成熟ChIL-15(mChIL-15)基因，与pMD 18-T载体相连构建重组质粒pMDChIL-15；然后用KpnⅠ／PstⅠ双酶切下mChIL-15基因片段，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的带有6个组氨酸标签的表达载体pP_RoEX~HTa中，构建重组质粒pP_RoChIL-15，对其测序确认读框正确后，转入大肠杆菌DH5α中诱导表达并进行纯化，用重组ChIL-15(rChIL-15)免疫豚鼠，制备多克隆抗体；再用HindⅢ／PstⅠ从质粒pP_RoChIL-15上切下mChIL-15基因，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacB中，经酶切、PCR和序列测定鉴定后，与杆状病毒线形化DNABac-N-Blue~(TM DNA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经三轮蚀斑纯化，构建重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIL-15，用该重组病毒感染处于对数生长期的Sf9细胞，按不同的时间收取样品，离心后对其上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。