诱导

The results demonstrated that the intracellular pH change was different when the Hela cells was treated with different anti-tumor drugs, some would caused intracellular acidification, some would caused ntracellular basification, and some would barely caused pH change. The single living Hela cells uptaken with the ratiometric pH nanosensor was also imaged with laser confocal microscope, which were treated with anti-tumor drugs.

通过利用该纳米传感器对硫酸长春新碱诱导后的Hela细胞内pH变化的活体、原位、实时监测，发现在硫酸长春新碱诱导引起凋亡的Hela细胞中，细胞内的pH值由诱导前的7.11酸化为6.51，并且在一定的浓度和时间范围内，硫酸长春新碱诱导后细胞内的酸化率与诱导药物的浓度和诱导时间成正相关关系。

Based on the previous literatures, the following major innovation works were carried out in this dissertation:(1) The derivatization reaction conditions of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine with sensitive derivation reagent in aqueous system were studied and two new methods were developed for the assay of them by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with LIF detection. The sensitivity and analysis times were greatly improved compared with the previous reports;(2) A new method of CZE with indirect LIF detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of six coumarin compounds (esculin, esculetin, isofraxidin, genistein, naringin and sophoricoside) with fluorescein as the probe. The proposed method enlarges the application range of LIF detector, and provides new approach for the analysis of certain compounds difficult to derivatize;(3) Based on the above research, an MEKC with indirect LIF detection method for the simultaneous determination of adenine and guanine in DNA extracts from fungus, maize and soybean was established;(4) A new method for the investigation of the complexes formed between human serum albumin and ampicillin sodium under the simulated physiology conditions using laser light scattering technique was developed.

该论文在综述前人工作的基础上，开展了如下未见文献报道的创新性的研究工作：(1)使用灵敏的衍生试剂对麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱在水体系中的衍生反应条件进行了系统研究，建立了微乳电动色谱-激光诱导荧光检测法和胶束电动色谱—激光诱导荧光检测法测定麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的灵敏分析新方法，与以前的报道相比，灵敏度和分析时间均有很大改善；(2)使用荧光素钠作为背景荧光试剂，建立了同时分析测定六种黄酮类化合物(秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、异秦皮定、染料木素、柚皮苷和槐角苷)的毛细管区带电泳—间接激光诱导荧光检测新方法，扩大了激光诱导荧光检测的应用范围，对难衍生化合物的分离分析提供了一种新思路和新途径；(3)以荧光素钠作为背景荧光试剂，建立了一种用于同时测定食品提取DNA中的腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤含量的胶束电动色谱—间接激光诱导荧光检测新方法；(4)用动态和静态激光散射法研究了模拟生理条件下人血清白蛋白与氨比西林钠盐相互作用所形成的复合物，为药物分子与蛋白质的相互作用、药代动力学等的研究提供了一种新思路。

Based on the detailed analysis of a variety of factors affecting stability of taxol production in Taxus cells, it was discovered that initial cell density and the relevant concentrations of substrates, elicitors and precursors significantly affected stability of taxol production; farther study showed that addition of elicitors at appropriate cellular state was the key to steadily improve taxol yield, especially, the proper cellular state was at the end of lag phase and at the beginning of the stationary phase, which was also proved by the cellular ultrastructure.

对影响红豆杉细胞紫杉醇产量稳定性的各类因素进行详细分析，发现细胞的接种密度以及与之相适应的培养基的基质浓度、诱导子浓度和前体浓度是影响紫杉醇产量稳定的重要因素；进一步研究发现，选择细胞处于合适的状态时加入诱导子是稳定提高紫杉醇产量的关键，细胞合适状态特别是延迟期末和稳定期初最合适，细胞状态的超微结构观察结果也证明了这一点；同时研究发现采用合适的同步化处理获得的细胞初始周期时相加入诱导子与紫杉醇产量稳定密切相关，且以低温同步化处理得到的细胞周期的分裂中期相的细胞加入诱导子不仅大大提高了紫杉醇的产量，而且诱导子加入时间大大缩短，有利于大大提高紫杉醇生产率。

To investigate the effect of p38MAPK signal conducting pathway on livercancinoma cell's malignant phenotype induced by VEGF,we take theexperiment with cell growth test,scanning microscope and laser scanningconfocal microscope so that observe effect of p38MAPK signal conductingpathway on liver cancinoma cell growth,pseudopodium formation andframework of cytoskeleton induced by VEGF.results indicate that the cellbecame ellipse and there were more and thick pseudopodium in the cell'ssurface after being treated by VEGF,and destroyed framework ofcytoskeleton,which can be blocked by pretreated with a special inhibitor ofp38MAPK SB203580 so that VEGF promote metastasis by enhancing livercell migration and movement via p38MAPK signal conducting pathway,butVEGF promote cell growth without p38MAPK signal conducting pathway.

为进一步探讨VEGF通过p38信号传导通路诱导肝癌细胞转移时，对肝癌细胞恶性表型的影响，采用细胞增殖实验、扫描电子显微镜、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察VEGF对肝癌细胞增殖作用、细胞伪足形成、细胞骨架微丝结构的影响以及p38MAPK信号通路调控作用。结果显示，VEGF能够不通过p38信号通路促进肝癌细胞增殖；VEGF诱导肝癌细胞丝状伪足增多、增长，使细胞骨架微丝结构破坏、甚至消失。阻断p38MAPK信号通路，可以抑制VEGF诱导的肝癌细胞伪足形成，细胞骨架丝状结构呈束状，排列较规整。上述结果表明，VEGF可以通过p38信号传导通路诱导肝癌细胞伪足增多、增长，促使细胞骨架微丝结构破坏，使肝癌细胞迁移、运动能力增加，促进肿瘤转移。VEGF并不通过p38信号通路诱导肝癌细胞增殖作用。

The blank group, the pure chondrogenic inductor group and the group of the G ranula of P enetrating Bone and Removing Pain mixed with chondrogenic inductor. We adopted pro-culture solution, pure chondrogenic induced culture solution （ TGF-β310ug/L , Dex10-7mol/L , VitC50mg/L ） and the chondrogenic induced culture solution which included the serum of the G ranula. All groups were cultivated in 50ml cell culture bottles. The effects of the G ranula of P enetrating Bone and Removing Pain on chondrogenic phenotype differentiation of BMSCs were investigated after being cultivated for 1, 2, 3 weeks, then cells observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and immunocytochemical stain.

3将第2代SD大鼠BMSCs分为空白对照组、单纯软骨诱导剂组及透骨消痛颗粒含药血清加软骨诱导剂组，采用原培养液、软骨诱导培养液（TGF-β310ug/L，Dex10-7mol/L，VitC50mg/L）及透骨消痛颗粒含药血清的软骨诱导培养液，50ml细胞培养瓶内进行培养，1、2、3周后通过倒置相差显微镜及免疫细胞化学染色等实验技术，研究透骨消痛颗粒对BMSCs诱导成软骨细胞的影响。

Cotyledon and hypocotyl ' s rate and quamity are the most among these explams , and callus can be obtained in 10 days by cotyledon and hypocotyl . reversely it is difficult to indue callus with root , and the callus from root is lnde and easy to become browning . the calius obtained from leaf grows very slow and does not become browning uniill in 2 or 3 months

银杏的不同器官和组织都能够诱导出愈伤组织来，其中，子叶和胚轴10d左右全部愈伤化，诱导速度和诱导率均最高，根则很难诱导，愈伤组织很少，褐化很快；叶片诱导的愈伤组织，生长慢，褐化也慢，在培养基上保持两三个月而不褐化；胚乳的诱导时间也较长，需要30d左右。

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of chondrogenesis, making them a possible source of cells for injectable cartilage tissue engineering. There exist different ideas on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells's chondrogenesis in monolayer culture. Because of this, the effect of adult rabbit's bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis in monolayer culture was studied. The mesenchymal stem cells was isolated from adult rabbit's bone marrow and monolayer cultured. TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone were used. Immunohistochemistry analyses and histological staining of H-E, Methylaniline blue and Alcian blue were performed to identify the expression of collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. The results showed that the induced cells expressed and produced collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. This suggests that the differentiation of adult rabbit's marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte in monolayer culture is feasible and may be induced by TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone.

骨髓基质干细胞的软骨分化潜能使其可能成为可注射组织工程化软骨研究的种子细胞，为探讨体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下软骨分化的可行性，我们进行下列实验：获取并体外平面培养成体兔骨髓基质干细胞，应用TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松对其软骨分化诱导，诱导后的骨髓基质干细胞行细胞爬片组织学和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化，结果证实，诱导后骨髓基质干细胞可分泌Ⅱ型胶原，组织学染色可见类似于软骨细胞，由此证明体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下可以软骨分化，其软骨诱导因子为TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松。

Expanded MSCs were induced to differentiate into nerve cells withthree different treatment protocol in the prensent study . On the following day, the medium was replaced with preinduction medium consisting of DMEM, 20% FCS, and 10 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor. After 24 h, the preinduction medium was removed, the cells were washed twice with PBS, and neuronal induction medium containing DMEM supplemented with 2% DMSO and200 m bu-tylated hydroxyanisole was added. In later experiments, we used DMEM with 5 mM p - mercaptoethanol or sulfo - glycerine as an alternative neuronal induction medium for the same incubation.

将待诱导分化的MSCs按0.4x10~6／ml接种于事先放置有消毒盖玻片的六孔板内制备细胞爬片，分别采用三种不同的方法诱导第2代至10代的MSCs向神经细胞分化，即方法1先用含bFGF的培养基进行预诱导，之后再用含叔丁基对羟基茴香醚，和二甲亚砜的无血清培养基进行诱导；方法2和方法3用B-巯基乙醇和硫代甘油进行预诱导，然后不同浓度的上述物质进行正式诱导。

1、Cur inhibits K562 cells growth and induces cell apoptosis may be correlated with the down-regulation of p210~、inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the signaling molecules such as p-Erk1/2、c-myc which are relevant with cell growth and apoptosis; 2、Cur synergizes STI571 to inhibit K562 cell growth and induce cell apoptosis may be correlated with the down-regulation of p210~、inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the signaling molecules such as Hsp90、PKC which are relevant with cell growth and apoptosis; 3、Cur reverses the resistance of K562/G01 cells to STI571, and synergizes STI571 to inhibit K562/G01 cell growth and induce cell apoptosis; 4、Cur inhibits human originated CML CD34~+ cell growth、induces cell apoptosis, and enhances STI571 to down-regulate the expression of p210~, finally inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis.

从以上实验结果我们得出如下结论： 1、Cur抑制K562细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与其下调p210~、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及抑制下游p-Erk1/2、c-myc等信号分子有关； 2、Cur协同STI571抑制K562细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与其下调p210~、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及抑制Hsp90和下游PKC等信号分子有关； 3、Cur可逆转K562/G01细胞对STI571的耐药性，并与STI571协同抑制K562/G01细胞增殖和诱导凋亡，其抑制K562/G01细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与其下调p210~、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及抑制下游Procaspase-3和NF-κB等信号分子有关； 4、Cur可抑制来源于CML患者骨髓的CD34~+细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡，还可协同STI571下调CML CD34~+细胞p210~表达，进而协同抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡。

Methods Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified from mouse femoral bone and shinbones using differential adherent methods. Cells at the third passage were induced by 20% FBS in conditioned medium, conditioned medium alone, 20% FBS or 10% FBS alone respectively. Mouse aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured as the positive control. Levels of mRNA and protein expression of myoeardin and several smooth muscle cells marker genes were determined by immumofluorescenee, RT-PCR and Western blot before and 3, 7, 10, 14d after the induction. The presence of smooth muscle myofilaments was detected by using transmission electron microscope.

采用伞骨髓贴壁法分离骨髓问充质干细胞，CM联合20%FBS诱导骨髓间充质干细胞，同时设立持续10%FBS、单20%FBS及单CM诱导下的骨髓间充质十细胞对照组和SMC阳性对照组，分别于诱导前及诱导3、7、10和14 d时观察细胞形态的变化，并在相应的时间点用免疫荧光法、逆转录聚合酶链反应法、Western blot半定量分析法榆测myocardin以及SMC表面各种标志基因的表达变化，用透射电镜检测诱导后细胞内肌丝存在以此来证实诱导分化成功。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。