误解

The separation into sources in particular is based on numberless exegetic errors, often of the most obvious kind, showing not only a misconception of the scope and spirit of the book, and of its mode of narration, but even of the laws of language; and this separation is in itself the greatest barrier to a correct insight into the book, in that it encourages the student to analyze difficult passages into their sources instead of endeavoring to discover their meaning.

分离到的来源，尤其是无数阐释的基础上的错误，往往是最明显的实物，显示不仅是一种误解的范围和精神的书籍，以及它的叙事模式，但即使的法律语言；和分离，这本身就是最大的障碍，一个正确的了解这本书，因为它鼓励学生分析困难通道纳入其来源而不是努力地发现它们的含义。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

Confucius, filiality as the basis of all morality, self denial for the recovery of morality, loyalty, forgiveness and the doctrine of the mean as the approach to morality.

吴宓反对批孔，认为&批林批孔&运动是对孔子及其学说的无知、误解和歪典，并因此遭受摧残。

Relations between us have become frayed through a series of misunderstandings.

我们之间的关系因为一连串的误解而变得紧张起来。

Relations between us have become frayed through a series of misunderstandings.

我们之间产生了一连串的误解，因而关系紧张了。

The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors-fear, uncertainty and doubt-together with perceived lack of control.

词义的引申英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达意愿，甚至造成误解。

A misunderstood new gecko of the genus Hemidactylus from Socotra Island, Yemen Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae

这种蜥蜴的新学名为&Gekkonidae Hemidactylus initellectus&，翻译过来就是&被误解的半趾蜥蜴&。

Gio: No, no. I don't think so.

不，我没误解。

The Goajiro,for their part, always spoke a kind of boneless Castilian with brilliant flashes, like Chon's own dialect, and a perverse precision that my grandmother forbade her to use because it always led to an inescapable ambiguity:"The lips of the mouth".

Brilliant flashes，我怀疑是发音上的某种特征，不过也不很明白。后半句我想是说，这种语言有时候精确得过份，比方说，&嘴上的嘴唇&，结果反而会导致误解。

The hermeneutical method was intended to secure a right understanding of the text from preconceived understandings or misunderstandings.

正确的解释方法就是要避免这些先入为主的误解。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。