误差模型

We employ quarterly data on industrial output, indicators of stock market liquidly, stock market volatility, and banking development during 1986:1-2003:3. We found that the Granger causality between output and financial development variables differ significantly among different knowledge intensity industries.

实证方法上，采用Johansen(1992，1995)之最大概似估计法(maximum likelihood estimate， MLE)来检定变数间是否存在共整合关系；若变数间存在共整合关系，则可以向量误差修正模型(vector error correction model，VECM)为基础，据以探讨金融发展与不同知识密度产业经济成长之因果关系。

We use a detailed base simulator to validate MAMO which results an 8.53% error on average when predicting CPI of the SPEC CPU 2000 Int benchmarks.

本文使用基准模拟器对比校验了MAMO模型，对于SPEC CPU 2000定点程序CPI估算的平均误差约为8.53％。

In this paper, a back propagation algorithm based multi-layer perceptron model was proposed to discriminate thermophilic and mesophilic proteins.

采用误差反传算法的多层感知机模型，对嗜热蛋白和常温蛋白进行模式识别。

For the current misdistribution caused by contiguity effect between the exciting windings not being taken into account in traditional mathematical model, the bigger calculation error of harmonic voltages is brought out when the high frequency alternating current flows in the exciting windings.

传统的数学模型未考虑激磁绕组邻近效应引起的电流分布不均对输出电势的影响，从而会在高频下带来较大的谐波电势计算误差。

By Error Correction Model and Granger Noncausality Test, we got the conclusions: the two-quote mechanism has the function of rapid error correction and information transmission; competitive market maker system promotes the efficiency of the market.

运用做市商报价调整的误差修正模型，并对报价与成交净价之间进行 Granger 非因果检验发现，做市商双边报价机制具有迅速纠错的功能和信息传导的功能，竞争性做市商制度具有更高市场效率。

Based on the wave equation in the acoustic fluid space and the theory of thin-wall structure, the uncoupling error in low frequency range about the nonsymmetrical coupled structure-acoustic analysis equation is studied.

该对称模型特征值的非负性及特征问题的可降阶性也在本文中进行了深入研究，同时指出了在复模态分析中应当注意的问题；（2）由声空间波动方程和薄板理论出发，对非对称声振耦合方程的低频解耦误差问题进行了研究。

By completely analyzing the peculiarity of system errors in time-interleaved ADC system, the nonuniformly sampled signal model and comprehensive description are given.

本文的主要工作如下： 1、全面系统地分析了并行交替式ADC系统中系统误差的特性，提出了非均匀采样信号模型和完整的理论描述体系。

The passive tracking dynamics is modeled by the turn rate, and the basic steps of the nonlinear particle filter are discussed. According to constraint conditions including the terrain data and the maneuvering capability of the target, outrange particles are discarded during prediction and update steps, and the distribution and the weight of particles are adjusted. The performance and the RMSE are analyzed by comparison simulations with the unconstraint particle filter.

使用转弯率概念建立了被动跟踪模型，阐述了非线性粒子滤波的基本过程；通过设定地域和机动性能约束条件，抛弃约束外粒子，并对粒子分布和权重进行调整，利用CPF进行了目标跟踪仿真实验，与无约束的粒子滤波跟踪进行了对比，分析了轨迹跟踪性能，比较了跟踪误差。

The available methods of optial system in emulating system are compared with each other in this paper and the photo electrical measurement method is accepted to be the best one.Then,the practical scheme of photoelectrical measurement method and its mathematical models are given,and the measurement error of this method is also analyzed qualitatively.

本文对仿真系统中的光学系统的可能实现方法进行了比较，选择出其中较优秀的方法—光电测量法，给出了光电测量方法的实际实现方案和测量的数学模型，对此方法的测量误差进行了定性分析。

The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the effects of both temperature and photosynthetically active radiation on the leaf growth of greenhouse cucumber.

该模型对黄瓜叶面积指数的模拟结果与1∶1直线之间的决定系数R2和回归估计标准误差RMSE分别为0.8792和0.3980，比用积温法和比叶面积法模拟叶面积指数的精度分别提高了37%和74%。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失