误差模型

The influence vectors F〓(the column vector of reliability matrix) and the residual vector V are regarded as the analysis factors instead of γ〓 and ν〓, the correspondence coefficient of F〓 and V is as the parameter to snooping the outliers.

提出了观测量随机模型的误差分析方法和理论，研究了随机模型系统误差和粗差的消除方法，同时研究了高精度GPS平差处理中随机模型的建立方法。

Furthermore, the maximum absolute values of cumulative relative error of the model and the original model which doesn't consider effect on adsorption/desorption of nutrition are 11.7% and 34.18% respectively.

结果显示，实验测试值与本模型计算值的平均相对误差小于6.90%，而且，本模型与未考虑营养盐吸附/脱附作用模型的最大绝对值累积相对误差分别为11.70%和34.18%。

The relation of the surface shape error to f-number and relevant spherical radius was achieved according to the reducing analysis model ignoring the local f-number. Two kinds of rhombic prism model are established by ZEMAX. According to the simulation results from ZEMAX, the correctness and limitation of the former methods are proved and analyzed. The results are used to analyze the effect of the surface shape error of the rhombic prism on parallelism of the emergent beam. The assignation plan of the surface shape error for each working surface is presented.

根据忽略局部光圈数的简化分析模型，获得面形误差对应光圈数与相关球面半径的关系，通过几何处理方法，求得一定面形误差对应的球面半径与平面倾角的关系，将斜方棱镜的工作面倾斜一定角度，运用折射定理，将具体面形误差转化为相应平面的倾斜角度，得到出射光相对于理想光轴的倾斜角度及其关系式，并在ZEMAX中建立斜方棱镜的两种模型。

The second model is based on error in the maximum direction of the curve.

给出了以缓和曲线法线方向的中误差表示误差带宽的εσ模型，以及以最大方向误差表示带宽的εm模型的计算方法。

First not taking the measurement error of covariates into account, we construct respectively structural regression models of lung function indices on the covariates. Then we use structural regression models with measurement error of multidimensional covariates to estimate synthetically the average effects of air pollution on lung function of preadolescent children.

先不考虑协变量—儿童年龄、身高、体重的测量误差，分别就儿童的各项肺功能指标对年龄、身高和体重建立结构回归模型；然后在协变量的测量误差分布相同和不同的假设下，分别建立各项肺功能指标对年龄、身高和体重的带有测量误差的结构回归模型，从而综合估计空气污染对儿童肺功能的平均影响效应。

The phylogeny and applied prospect of MES are summarized in the paper. The principle of this system is analyzed from the point of view of acoustics. The surveying and filtering technology of auxiliary parameters, sounding data and the theory of image form, backscatter strength data processing, are researched deeply in the paper. The optimal model of velocity of sound is given. For sound ray tracing, some methods of correction of sound ray curve are developed. At the same time, an ideal model of sound ray tracing is proved and given. The GPS technology is applied for the determination of tide, attitude of vessel. Moreover, some methods are given. As an important topic, the systematic error is discussed in the paper. Some filtering methods are researched in this paper. Based on the current methods of image processing, the procedure and methods are tested and given that adapt to sonar image processing.

本文研究的工作是在总结多波束声纳测深系统的发展历史、应用前景的基础上，从声学角度分析了多波束系统的工作原理；对多波束辅助参数的测定和滤波方法、测深数据的滤波方法、多波束声纳图像的形成机理、图像处理以及最终应用等作了比较深入的研究；得出了适合于多波束精密深度计算的最优声速模型和声线改正模型；提出了 GPS 载波相位定位技术用于多波束辅助参数测量的思想、算法，改善了多波束系统的作业模式；系统地分析了深度数据的误差来源和类型，首次将系统误差作为影响测深精度的主要因素给以研究，并给出了削弱系统误差的方法，提高了深度数据的质量；对多波束声纳图像的形成、处理方法进行了细致的研究，给出了适合多波束图像处理的算法和流程，并从理论和实践上对声纳图像的应用进行了比较全面的研究。

With cross validations, the support vector machine-based models are selected to achieving a high generalization accuracy according to the principles of Bayesian framework and Resubstitution.

实验比较实际值和预测值之误差，误差值越小，表示预测的结果越接近其实际值，本研究之模型除考虑误差值最小化之外，亦兼顾模型复杂度，并以泛化性能的高低作为一个评估的依据。

This dissertation gave an in-depth study to the effect of radome error upon the guidance system and gave a formula for that effect with missile dynamics of arbitrary order and unsimplified seeker model. Based on that, the critical condition for the design of guidance controller under the radome effect was derived.

本文深入研究了天线罩瞄准线误差对制导控制系统稳定性的影响，得出了在任意阶导弹动力学模型和非简化导引头模型下，天线罩瞄准线误差对制导控制系统的影响公式，并由此得出了天线罩瞄准线误差影响下导引控制器设计的极限条件。

In this paper, the effects of the rigid body motions and low frequency surface errors on the image quality were analyzed. Quadratic equations were used to build the mathematical model of the Wolter type I and II X-ray telescopes and reduce the computational complexity of ray tracing. With the help of a self-developed optical surface analysis code, the effects of the perturbations of the mirrors on the image quality was analyzed and the growth of the image spot formed by deformed telescopes was calculated, this is important for giving the reasonable fabrication tolerance.

在本篇文章中，详细分析了刚体运动误差和低频表面误差对成像质量的影响；使用空间解析几何学的二次曲面方程建立Wolter I、II型X射线掠入射望远镜镜片的数学模型，降低光线追踪的计算复杂度；借助自主开发的光学仿真软件分析了国内研制的X射线成像望远镜的刚体运动误差和低频表面误差对成像质量的影响，计算出像点艾里斑半径均方根值随误差变化的增长率，对工程上提出合理的制造公差的误差容限有重要的指导意义。

The monotony and extremum theory of function are applied to prove the geometrical characteristic of error hand for 2D linear segment uncertainty ε(subscript σ) model in theory. The result shows that the error hand has the geometrical shape of "larger ends and smaller middle" or "one end larger and the other smaller". The minimum width and its exact position of the error hand are calculated too. It is proved that the minimum width position of the error hand is near the end with the smaller mean square error.

运用函数单调性和极值理论，从理论上证明ε模型的误差带的几何特征；得到线元误差带不仅具有&两端大、中同小&，而且也可能具有&一端大、一端小&的几何形状；给出了误差带的最小带宽及其位置；论证了误差带的最小误差带宽的位置靠近中误差较小的一端。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失