误差因素

Firstly, the nonlinear model is applied in this study. Secondly, the linear modeling process is recapped by highlighting the likely uncertainties which influence the implementation of model-based approaches. Finally, the linear robust observer is designed in the presence of unknown inputs, such as model errors, parameters fluctuation, force disturbance, process noise, measurement noise.

在考虑建模误差、参数变化、外力干扰、过程噪声以及测量噪声等影响因素的前提下，将系统非线性模型进行线性化，并据此设计系统的线性鲁棒观测器。

Simulation result shows that the traceability of predictive control is good and influences coming from error and uncertain factor are retrained.

仿真结果证明，该预测控制具有较好的跟踪效果，且有效地克服了误差及干扰等不确定因素所带来的影响。

And understates the real income of most Americans.

许多因素造成了报告的误差，其中最关键的，是这份调查显然低估了美国公众所享受的真实经济资源数量和年收入。

Variance and correlation of the data was analyzed with SPSS software. It was found that height, width, and thickness are main factors influencing paper angle bead compressive strength; moreover there are linear relations between the height, the width, and the thickness of paper angle bead and the compressive strength, and the error of equation is ±3%.

通过SPSS软件对数据进行方差及相关性分析，确定了纸护角的高度、宽度、厚度是影响纸护角抗压性能的主要因素，并且高度、宽度、厚度值与纸护角抗压强度之间呈线性相关；最后利用SPSS的线性回归分析，得到纸护角的抗压性能与高度、宽度、厚度之间的线性回归方程，对方程进行验证，其误差为±3%。

The accuracy analysis for different measurements and parameters are given respectively. The simulation results show that the positioning accuracy is influenced by azimuth error greatly.

通过对系统各个因素算法定位性能的影响，得出了各方法定位误差的分布规律；将仿真结果进行对比，得出结论：距离信息对算法的定位性能影响较小，系统的定位性能主要受角度观测信息的影响较大。

In the design of the controller the model error and external disturbances are considered, and a nonlinear robust controller is developed by back-stepping method while model errors and disturbances are considered.

考虑到模型误差和外部干扰因素，采用反步法设计了非线性鲁棒控制器。

To aim directly at causality between export commodity using composition and economic development in China, differences of element input caused by appreciation of RMB, relationship between productive efficiency of trade department or not and exchange rate, and effect of every factor to micro commodity these problems, the paper applied econometric models such as vector auto regression, vector error correction model, varying parameter model and panel data model to expose contact between varied export commodity composition and different economic variables.

针对商品使用结构与中国经济发展的因果关系、人民币升值造成中国出口商品要素投入的差异、贸易和非贸易部门的生产率同汇率的关系、各影响因素对微观出口商品的影响四个相关问题，利用向量自回归、误差修正、变参数模型和面板数据模型等计量经济模型揭示不同类型的出口商品结构与各经济变量间的联系。

Presently, the reading work of the dial indicator in our country still adopts the manual method. This method is restricted by such subjective factors as observing angel and distance as well as fatigue strength and so on, which results in not only large error and low reliability but also low efficiency and great labor costs.

目前国内对这类仪表的判读工作主要是采用人工观测仪表表盘指针来读数的方法，这种方法受人的主观因素如人的观测角度、观测距离及疲劳强度等的影响，误差较大，可靠性不高，且工作效率低，劳动强度大。

With process data of blast furnace No.1 in Tianjin Iron Plant, the parameters, Ru and Sita, of model have been optimized based on criteria of predictability, hit ratio, direction hit ratio and mean sum of square error according to each variable respectively.

以可预测率、预测命中率、趋势预测命中率及平均误差平方和为评价标准，确定了各影响因素的警戒参数Ru和滤波参数Sita的优化值范围。

It is a standard method for both manufacturers and users to first characterize inertial accelerometers in a 1-g field through the use of an earth-bound dividing head for the purpose of measuring its scale factor and error coefficients.

作为制造和用户共同遵循的标准方法，首先在1g重力场中通过使用分度头来获得表征加速度计的特性，达到测量它的标度因素和误差系数的目的。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。