误差因素

The results showed that:(1) some governing points, which were measured by submeter precision GPS, were utilized to correct the 1 m precision remote sensing image and it could satisfy the desired precision of geometrical correction, therefore, this method could be used as geometrical correction in the region where was short of the big scale relief map;(2) the density of the original data was the main factor to affect precision of the volume, and the precision of the calculated volume of earthwork could be improved to more than 90% when using the test points and feature points; the sparser the data density were, more significant could be improved; On the base that elevation of test points were measured by the submeter precision GPS, the error of the volume, which was produced by vectoring relief map to obtain DEM, could be calculated, and the calculation precision of the earthwork could be improved markedly.

结果表明：利用平面精度达亚米级的GPS测量控制点坐标对1米分辨率的遥感卫星影像进行几何校正，能够满足其几何校正的精度要求，可以解决缺乏大比例尺地形图地区的高分辨率遥感卫星影像的几何校正问题；通过对模型数据的分析，数据密度是影响体积精度的主要因素，利用检测点高程和特征点可以提高土方量计算的精度，使土方量计算的精度达到90％以上，数据密度越稀疏，精度提高越显著；采用高程精度达厘米级的RTK(Real Time Kinematic实时动态差分)测量检测点的高程，对用地形图扫描矢量化形成的DEM模型进行检测求出误差体积，可以大大提高土方量的计算精度。

To analyze the experimental results, the four operating conditions that influence mean particle size and size distribution, filtration time and the rate of hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate solutions are evaluated, four fitting models between responses and its influence factors are obtained. Optimum operating conditions are predicted. An experiment for validation of predicted conditions was carried out, and confirms the estimations are correct.

利用响应面试验设计软件来辅助设计，根据实际的输入与响应的结果，研究了搅拌速率、加料速率、加热速率和底水量对水解产物的粒度及粒度分布、过滤时间和硫酸氧钛的水解率的影响，推导了四个因素对四个响应的数学模型，分析其试验误差，最后得到优化试验的预测结果，用于指导实际的生产过程。

In this paper, the structured and unstructured uncertainties are of primary interest, i.e., the modeling error due to the parameters variation and unmodeled modes, especially the friction and sensor dynamics, neglected time delays, etc.

在这篇论文中，构造好的和未构造好的不确定因素是主要的兴趣所在，也就是说模型的误差导致参数变化和未模型化的模式，尤其是摩擦力和敏感元件的力度，被忽视的时间延迟等等。

The research which is the important part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of two main parts: 1. the gain part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, which in fact is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, its output characteristics are discussed both in theory and experiment, and the differences are also discussed between theory and experiment; 2. the saturated absorber part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, also the part to narrow the line width of the fiber laser. The line-width narrowing mechanism in fiber laser induced by unpumped Er-doped fiber is presented from the aspect of coupling wave equation, and the main factor is considered as the standing wave induced by interference. The line-width is narrower when the standing wave is stronger, and the narrowing effect disappears with the disappearance of the standing wave. In the experiment, when adding a Faraday mirror in the laser cavity to remove the standing wave , the narrowing effect disappears. So the theory is proved by the result of the experiment.

本课题的研究内容是集成光学声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的重要组成部分，主要分两部分：1、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中增益部分的研究，相当于对掺铒光纤放大器的研究，理论上对掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性进行分析，实验上实现了掺铒光纤放大器系统，并将实验数据与理论计算数据进行对比，分析了误差产生原因；2、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中饱和吸收体部分的研究，即压窄光纤激光器输出线宽的研究，从耦合波方程出发，理论上解释了未泵浦掺铒光纤压窄光纤激光器线宽的原理，分析了影响该作用的主要因素是未泵浦掺铒光纤中相对传输的光干涉形成的驻波：驻波越强，压窄效果越好，相反当没有驻波时，没有压窄效果，在实验上通过在激光器腔内加入法拉第旋转镜使驻波消失，同时压窄效果消失，从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

For the reasons of the engine vibration and unsmooth road and so on there are some harmful noises in signals detected , therefore there are errors .

但由于行走车发动机的振动，路面不平等因素的影响，在获得的信号中混有噪声，因而存在一定的误差。

From the aspect of electrical power system structure, the performance of signal sampling installment and the electromagnetic compatibility, discussed the primary factors which influence protective device reliability and the sensitive, proposed the problem of guaranteed its reliability and its sensitivity that should be adverted, had determined the active power selection selective leakage protection hardware architecture, the software computational method, and the method through the software proofread system angular error, have developed the intelligence protection system based on the AVR high speed MCU and the CAN bus.

从电力系统结构、信号采样装置性能和电磁兼容性的角度出发，论述了影响保护装置可靠性和灵敏性的主要因素，提出了保证其可靠性和灵敏性应注意的问题，确定了有功功率选线的选择性漏电保护的硬件结构、软件计算方法，和通过软件校正系统综合角误差的方法，研制了基于AVR高速单片机和CAN总线的智能保护系统。

On the basis of Bowering Model about ONB of flow boiling using n.

讨论了影响矩形窄缝流道内过冷流动沸腾起始点的各因素，在Bowering关系式的基础上，考虑质量流速和压力对过冷流动沸腾起始点的影响，使用多元线性回归的方法，得到了关于矩形窄缝流道过冷流动沸腾起始点的修正关系式，与实验数据进行比较，误差范围为± 30 %。

This article gives overall theory analysis around the factors of producing error, and demarcates the system by using standard resistance box. The experiment proves that this design has totally reached the request booked.

论文对产生误差的因素进行了全面的理论分析，并采用标准的电阻箱对系统的结果进行了校验，实验证明本设计完全达到预定的要求。

Compared with the numerical model, the analytical model is more propitious to studying relationship between process parameters and surface geometrical error.

通过研究这些因素，基于铣削力/铣削扭矩和瞬时未变形切屑厚度的关系，建立了一个考虑了铣削力/铣削扭矩的解析模型，用来预报在端铣情况下工件的表面几何误差。

The key of the simulation is to select a suited set of models and parameters which represent the motion and the echo of moving targets, Because the perform of microwave radars operating over the moving targets is very complicated.In this paper, we discuss how to simulate the motion of targets with a method of parameters simulation. And then we get a track clearly through controlling the flight parameters and the time increasing. The way reduces the error.This paper also particularizes the prime parameter of the echo--Radar Cross Section which is influenced by many factors.

对于目标的实时运动特性，本文采用了航迹的参数模拟法，通过控制目标的飞行性能参数与时间增量的大小来模拟目标的真实运动，避免了多种因素所引起的飞行误差，效果良好；此外，本文详细分析了表征运动目标回波特性的雷达截面积与雷达波长、目标姿态、极化方式及视角的关系，在此基础上，考虑了RCS的两种起伏特性以及天线对其的调制作用，得出了快、慢起伏目标回波的仿真数据，并对二者进行了比较。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐