误差因素

There are two types of confounding factors: those due to biological variations and those due to measurement errors.

有两种影响因素：可能是生物学上的变异；也可能是因为测量的误差。

Based on the theoretical modeling and experimental analysis, the influence factors to the contouring errors are studied and some improving measures are suggested.

通过对系统动态特性的理论建模和实验分析，研究了其轮廓误差影响因素并对系统进行了改进。

It is determined that the sun vector measurement error is about 5.74° which is caused by many factors, such as the non-ideal cosine curve between incident angle and photocurrent, the photocurrent noise, the nonlinearity of the analog circuit and the A/D converter, and the temperature inaccuracy etc.

通过分析获得太阳入射角——光电流非理想的余弦特性、光电流的噪声起伏、处理电路非线性、A/D采样非线性、温度测量不确定性等因素导致的太阳矢量实际测量误差为5.74°。

The results indicate that intelligent is correlated with the double loop whorl, radial, simple creese hand, the third and fourth interdigital area pattern I3 and I4. The regression equations for predicting intelligent and radial, intelligent and I3, intelligent and I4 were calculated according to above results.

但是，多数学者所选用的实验对象为成人或优秀运动员，与早期实际选材相脱节，加之学者们的研究结果在某些指标上表现不尽相同和研究的样本量较小，误差较大等因素，使皮纹选材的理论体系尚不够完善。

By adding Polarization Maintaining Fiber on output terminal of SLD and Loyt depolarizer behind polarizer , the Degree of polarity can be reduced to 10 -3 ,and influence of outside conditions to light-wave′ state of polarization can be reduced too.

利用在光源出端加单段保偏光纤和在消偏器后端加Loyt消偏器，可以使进入光纤线圈的光的偏振度降到10-3数量级，降低了因外界因素对线圈中光偏振态的影响而产生的光纤陀螺偏振误差。

The main reason which leads to incorrect planar overlap is the wrong layer thickness, while the influence of the incorrect scanning line depth which was induced by the deviation of the scanning parameters was minor.

影响面重叠率不正确的最主要因素为铺层厚度不正确，而扫描参数误差所引起的线变质深度不正确影响甚微。

Presently, knowledge of sorption and desorption is limited, which results in significant errors in environmental prediction of organic compounds.

目前，对吸附机理及影响因素认识的局限性，使得有机污染物的迁移转化和归宿模型在实际水环境中的预测存在较大的误差。

Among used machine learning methods, the gradient descent method is widely used to train various classifiers, such as Back-propagation neural network and linear text classifier. However, the gradient descent method is easily trapped into a local minimum and slowly converges. Thus, this study presents a gradient forecasting search method based on prediction methods to enhance the performance of the gradient descent method in order to develop a more efficient and precise machine learning method for Web mining.However, a prediction method with few sample data items and precise forecasting ability is a key issue to the gradient forecasting search method. Applying statistic-based prediction methods to implement GFSM is unsuitable because they require a large number of data items to model a prediction model. In the contrast with statistic-based prediction methods, GM(1,1) grey prediction model does not need a large number of data items to build a prediction model, and it has low computational load. However, the original GM(1,1) grey prediction model uses a mathematical hypothesis and approximation to transform a continuous differential equation into a discrete difference equation in order to model a forecasting model.

其中梯度法是一个最常被使用来实现机器学习的方法之一，然而梯度法具有学习速度慢以及容易陷入局部最佳解的缺点，因此，本研究提出一个梯度预测搜寻法则(gradient forecasting search method， GFSM)来改善传统梯度法的缺点，用来提升一些以梯度学习法则为基础的分类器在资讯探勘上的效率与正确性；而一个所需资料量少、计算复杂度低且精确的预测模型是梯度预测搜寻法能否有效进行最佳解搜寻之关键因素，传统统计为基础之预测方法的缺点是需要较大量的数据进行预测，因此计算复杂度高，灰色预测模型具有建模资料少且计算复杂度低等优点，然而灰色预测理论以连续之微分方程式为基础，并且透过一些数学上的假设与近似，将连续之微分方程式转换成离散之差分方程式来对离散型资料进行建模及预测，这样的作法不尽合理，且缺乏数学理论上的完备性，因为在转换过程中已经造成建模上的误差，且建模过程仅考虑相邻的两个资料点关系，无法正确反应数列未来的变化趋势。

LC filter is an important part of this hybrid reactive power dynamic compensation. The parameters of capacitor and inductive winding of LC filter change during operation with the changing surrounding temperature, the self-heating and the insulation ageing of capacitor, etc. During the installation and commissioning, there may exist errors that can deviate the actual parameters and correspondent harmonic oscillation frequency from the designed value and result in filter disarrangement.

LC滤波器是动态无功补偿装置中的重要组成部分，由于它的电容器和电感线圈参数，在运行过程中会因周围温度的变化、自身发热和电容器绝缘老化等因素影响而发生变化，在安装和调试过程中会存在误差，从而使实际参数和相应的谐振频率偏离设计值，导致滤波器失谐，这就要求对滤波器进行优化设计。

The nonlinear sliding mode controller is taken as an example, the implementation form of δ operator discretization control, the error analysis and the algorithms stability are studied both theoty and engineering application.

数值仿真表明，当高速开关阀的节流孔流量系数、摩擦片的磨损量、摩擦系数、传动系的弹性系数等因素在允许范围内变化时，滑模控制器的跟踪误差远低于一般的PID控制器。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。