误差分析

Our analysis shows that it is important to have a reasonable yardstick to assess the relative merits of competing models. Based on the viewpoint of a hedger, we recommend the hedging error to be the loss function in judging out-of-sample performance.

我们的分析显示用一个合理的评价标准去衡量不同模型间相对优点是相当重要的，基於避险者的角度，我们建议使用避险误差作为损失函数来评定样本外的绩效。

So hydrology analyses medium yield to sort a problem, heretofore still is put in bigger error.

所以水文分析中的产流新问题，迄今还存在较大的误差。

ABSTRACT A systematic study on optical heterodyne technology in principle, system composition, error and accuracy analysis, and its applications in photomechanics is presented in this dissertation.

本文从原理、系统组成、误差与精度分析、光外差技术在光测力学中的应用等多方面对光外差技术进行了比较系统的研究。

Methods and results We assume the carotid arterial wall is the elastic material so we can use the Hooke's law to analyze it. The experiment is based on the use of ultrasound B-mode imaging technique and the off-line image analysis. Elastic tube phantom experiments demonstrated the validity of the technique, providing the size of the tube within 3% of the actual values. The system was also tested in the common carotid arteries of 10 healthy males (age 23.6 y). According to the experimental result, it shows that our index is less variant than Peterson's elastic modulus. The results of and are and respectively.

根据橡皮管的体外实验结果，利用超音波以及影像分析所得到的橡皮管尺寸，与实际尺寸间的误差只有3%，而使用超音波 B-mode 量测颈动脉的实验结果显示，在把颈动脉当作完全弹性体的假设下，所得到的 CIMT 硬度指标，於十位平均年龄为23.6岁的年轻健康男性中，结果与过去文献中常使用的 Peterson's elastic modulus 相比较，结果显示容易受到不同受试者间，不同的生理状态之影响，而在考虑受试者的 IMT 变化情况下，比能够反映更多的受试者颈动脉材料性质，因此得到了较为稳定的实验结果。

The effect of tilt of the base relative to the horizontal plane on orientation accuracy is analyzed.

本文介绍了光纤陀螺寻北的基本原理，分析了基座的倾斜误差对寻北精度的影响。

Next, we study the case when the approximation spaces are the anisotropic linear triangular element and a new conforming triangular Hermite-type one, by taking advantage of a series of new approaches, the convergence analysis of hyperbolic type integro-differential equations is provided, the error estimates are also obtained .

其次，把逼近空间分别取成具有各向异性特征的协调线性三角形元和一个新的二次Hermite型三角形元，针对双曲型积分方程，给出了相应的收敛性分析及其误差估计。

Based on analyzing the multilayer perceptron neural network,it induces the error backpropagation algorithm while taking the hyperboloid tangential function as nonlinear activation function.

在分析多层感知器神经网络的基础上，推导了双曲正切函数为激励函数的误差后向传播算法。

The analytical results show that the image distortions from the watermark are spread throughout the whole image and are spread into the three channels of a color host image by a hypercomplex inverse Fourier transform. So the proposed watermarking algorithm can realize a good combination for the imperceptibility and security of the watermark.

分析表明提出的方法通过超复数傅氏逆变换，可以把水印带来的误差扩散到整幅图像，并且是分散到红、绿、蓝三色的各个分量上，从而实现数字水印的不易感知性和安全性的良好结合。

The goal is to simplify the neural-computing of biovision process modeled inthe Boundary Contour System of FACADE theory, and to extract subjective contour in.a new way. The procedure consists of DOG filtering, cooperative filtering,post-processing of cooperative cues and regrouping of endpoints, corresponding to theoriented edge filtering by simple cells, cooperative filtering by bipole cells and end-stopeffect formulated by hypercomplex cells in biovision system respectively. The last oneis an algorithm based on connection relation graph, which judges whether two keypoints should be connected according to their positions and orientations and thenconnect the key points that Should be connected to complete the subjective contour.

本文主要完成了以下工作：一是针对张量投票方法处理主观轮廓时出现的问题进行了改进，并依据矩阵的特征值摄动理论分析了该方法误差产生的原因以及迭代对其影响；二是用图像处理方法代替FACADE理论中复杂的细胞动力学方程，提出了一种基于视觉竞争合作机制的轮廓组织及缺口修复算法，该方法通过DOG滤波器组、合作滤波器组和张量投票等方法分别模拟视觉系统中的简单细胞有向滤波、双极细胞合作滤波和终端截断后端点重组等主观轮廓形成过程；三是提出了一种基于可连接关系图的算法解决轮廓组织及缺口修复问题，该方法在轮廓特征提取的基础上，根据关键点的位置和取向信息判断其可连接关系，进而连接具有可连接关系但没有实际连接的关键点，最终完成轮廓缺口的修复。

For the ill conditioned load flow caused by the error produced in the transformation from electricity quantities to average power, direct current load flow and sensitivity vector are presented to find out the ill node, then by adjusting the load curve and generation curve in a certain principle, which is shown in detail with several flow charts, a new operation mode is reestablished to ensure the convergence of the calculation. Optimal multiplier method is proposed to work out the least square solution according to ill conditioned structural power network. The electricity quantities flow method enhances the reliability and accuracy of the calculation of the power transmission losses.

该方法可根据当前输电网中各个变电站24小时的电量记录，利用电量潮流计算对输电网总线损和各条线路损耗进行计算，使计算的精度满足降损措施分析和指标考核的要求；并且对于由负荷出力曲线转化成平均功率计算潮流时引入的误差，进而导致潮流计算不收敛的情况，采用直流潮流法，依据相角对有功功率的灵敏度向量判断出"网络异常点"，并且给出了解决此种情况的方法流程图；针对结构病态的电力系统潮流计算不收敛的情况，运用非线性约束优化方法中的最优乘子法求解潮流方程的最小二乘解，从而解决了电量潮流法计算理论线损时的收敛性问题，增强了该方法的适用性。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。