误差分析

The measurement error of phase shifting method is calculated.It is concluded that if 5 frames are used per time, in order to achieve 0.3° precision inphase measurement, phase shifting error must be limited in± 0.1° plus at least 60dBsignal to noise ratio.

同时，还进行了相移检测法的初步误差分析和模拟研究，结果表明：采用5幅图像的方法，要实现0.3°的检相精度，就要求相移误差在±0.1°以内，信噪比为60dB以上。

By dealing with regularization error,sample error and hypothesis error,we estimate the total error in terms of properties of the kernel,the input space,the marginal distribution,and the regression function of the regression problem.

样本相关的假设空间将为误差分析带来一项额外的假设误差，这一点与通常情况下样本无关的假设空间有本质的区别。

As one part of the project, the dissertation is developed with thelocalization problem in mobile robot navigation. Combined with "MobileRobot 1 of Central South university (MORCS-1)", a mobile robot designed byus that equipped with a 2D laser measurement system to sense the environmentand the proprioceptive sensors such as the odometry, gyroscope to calculate itsdead reckoning, the approach about the four kind uncertainty factors of mobilerobot localization is studied. These researches include that the error analysisand calibration of position sensors is implemented to reduce the measurementnoise, the 3D kinematic model of mobile robot is built to gain the accuratepose in complex terrain, some work on the automatic detection of static ordynamic obstacles based on laser scanner is investigated to eliminate thedynamic influence of the environment and to realize the reliably absoluteposition, and lastly a robust algorithm is presented to involve the incrementalenvironment mapping and self-localization of mobile robot with unknown dataassociation and to improve the self-localization performance of mobile robotunder unknown environment.

作为该项目研究的一部分，本论文以移动机器人导航中的定位问题为研究内容，利用自行研制的装配有二维激光雷达环境感知系统，并通过里程计、陀螺仪等内部传感器来实现航迹推测的移动机器人"中南移动1号MORCS-1"，重点围绕影响移动机器人系统定位的四类不确定性处理展开研究：通过移动机器人定位传感器的误差分析及校准，旨在消除传感器噪声所带来的测量误差；通过建立移动机器人的三维运动学模型进行航迹推测，以期实现复杂地形下精确的移动机器人本体姿态感受；通过基于激光雷达的动静态障碍的自主检测等相关研究，尽量消除环境的不确定因素影响进而实现可靠的移动机器人绝对定位；通过以上研究，针对未知数据关联下移动机器人增量式环境建图与自定位的研究提出一种鲁棒的滤波算法，改善未知环境中移动机器人自定位的性能。

This article in the middle school voltammetry measured resistance (in connection, outside connection) in the foundation, has carried on the error analysis to the measurement result, and carries on the innovation design according to the ohm's law to the electric circuit, has carried on uncertainly, the relative error, the precision comparison to two kind of surveys plans result.

本文在中学伏安法测电阻的基础上，对测量结果进行了误差分析，并根据欧姆定律对电路进行创新设计，对两种测量方案的结果进行了不确定度、相对误差、精确度的摘要物理学是自然科学的重要学科之一，是一门建立在实验基础上的科学。

A real-time method of projective transformation (with less than 1 ms of parameter processing) and an auto-calibration method for camera's main pose (with the time cost less than 0.5 s) were presented.

试验和相应的误差分析结果令人满意（160×120显示分辨率下，能在55 ms内自主做出经透视投影变换的作业机理想移动方向决策，普通难度的相似颜色序列图像的分割误差被控制在了平均5%以内）。

From the error analysis, it is shown that the error bound of the potential problem is directly related to the radii of the weight functions.

从误差分析的过程中可以看出，数值解的误差与权函数的影响半径密切相关。

It was shown that the deviation by"random distribution model"is less than 5%.

误差分析证实，采用随机模型给结果带来的误差小于5％。

At last, the errors of the subdivision of the system are analyzed.

本文最后对系统细分误差进行了误差分析。

Based on the error analysis, the max titling angle can be computed, two methods to keep adaptive alignment are also discussed.

在倾斜误差分析的基础上，对动镜的最大倾斜角度和减少误差的方法进行讨论，并提出了两种动态准直校正的思路。

The calibration experiment with 4 cameras in a 9.6 m×6.4 m region and the error analysis shows that the total mean error is only 7.96 mm.

通过4部摄像机在长9.6 m，宽6.4 m的区域内进行的标定实验和误差分析表明，该方法的整体平均误差仅为7.96 mm。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。