误差估计

In terms of obore analysis and related statistical estimate, a robust back propagation algorithm for training the MFNN networks is proposed.

依据上述分析基础和有关统计估计方法，提出了训练MFNN网络的鲁棒误差反向传播算法；（4）。

Actually, the uncertainty of survey data composes a lot of factors, not only stochastic variable. So traditional parameter estimation theories are not strict. To overcome their shortcoming, Prof.

实际上，测量数据的不确定性是多种不确定因素的综合，而不仅仅是由随机误差组成，因此使用目前的任何一种参数估计方法来处理测量数据都是不严密的。

In the simulation test,the position error and velocity error of maneuvering targe...

仿真实验表明，通过对频率自适应调整，使机动目标的位置、速度估计误差明显减小。

The distribution taw of K_ values as random variables is examined separately fortwo materials of 43 specimens of aluminum alloy Lc 4 and 30 specimens of alloy steel 30CrMnSiNi2A.

利用统计理论估计出取得在90%的置信度下与真值误差小于5%的K_平均值所需试样数约为4—6。指出在每组K_试验中用最少试样取得满足上述要求的K_平均值的具体方法。

Heating billet temperature cannot be detected in the hearth. Only by detecting temperatures of the stove side or hearth with estimation from mere experience could lead to great error on the measurement of billet temperature and affect the quality of post-processing accordingly; Overheating also exists in the heating process, and the quality of product is sway by overheating oxidation. Though infrared thermoscope is used to detect the temperature of billet when it is taken out of the stove, precision is still affected because of the oxide layer on the surface.

燃气与空气的配气量比例，一般通过人工调节，未实现按加热条件自动动态调节；无法在炉膛内检测被加热钢材的温度，只能通过检测炉壁或炉膛温度，再凭经验估计钢材温度，结果是钢板温度误差大，影响后续加工质量；钢材加热存在表面过烧现象，有时表面烧损、氧化严重，影响产品质量；尽管钢材出炉时，可用红外线测温仪来进行钢材表面温度检测，但因钢材表面存在氧化层，也影响钢材温度检测精度。

However, the measurement error is still large, and there is an uncertainty of the estimate of initial abundance of thorium produced in the explosive event.

然而，测量误差仍大而且还有一个不确定的估计初始丰钍制造的爆炸事件。

The method of estimation in paper [7] is to build fitness function by the 2-norm of error matrix directly. For the error matrix is a Toeplitz matrix, a novel fitness function was presented. Then a new method, the real-valued genetic algorithm which is based on genes weights variation independently, is developed in this paper.

文献[7]提出的估计方法直接以误差矩阵的2范数建立适应度函数，文中利用该矩阵是Toeplitz矩阵的特性，构造了一个新的适应度函数，提出了一种基于基因分量独立变异的实数遗传算法。

Based on physical characteristics, existing stochastic estimation methods of equipment sensitivity to voltage sag use subjective probability models to express the probability distribution of voltage tolerance curve of equipment in the uncertain region. But the parameter estimation needs vast sample data. These methods may result in man-made errors.

现有负荷敏感度随机估计法以电压暂降的物理特征为基础，用主观概率模型描述负荷电压耐受曲线(voltage tolerance curve，VTC)的随机分布规律，所需样本量大，在实际中难以实现且可能引入主观误差。

A torsional oscillation observer based on the general observer was discussed to estimate the speed of the turbine generator. The dynamic characteristics of standard Luenberger observer with quantization effects were studied by Lyapunov stability criterion. It is concluded that the state estimate error can not asymptotically converge to zero in-the-large in presence of quantization effects.

讨论了基于状态观测器的汽轮机轴系扭振测量方法，采用李亚普诺夫稳定性判据分析存在量化效应的条件下标准龙贝格观测器的动态特性，指出由于数字系统中的有限字长效应会使观测器的跟踪性能恶化，估计误差不能在大范围内渐进收敛。

Based on the distributed multi-sensor track fusion system, it applies sequence disposal means, multi-sensor track fusion problem with feedback information, on the condition of correlated estimation, is studied, under the rule of minimizing the trace of estimation error covariance matrix, the corresponding fusion algorithm is proposed, also ,the analyse of the simulation is presented.

基于分布式多传感器航迹融合系统，采用序贯处理的方法，研究了相关条件下带反馈信息的多传感器航迹融合问题，在估计误差方差阵迹最小的准则下，导出了相应的融合算法，并进行了仿真分析。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。