误差估计

The aims of this paper are to derive the optimal error estimates of eigenpairs, i.e. the optimal error estimate of eigenvalues, and the new error estimates of velocity, pressure including the L~2 - norm and energy norm, respectively, in which the L~2 - norm estimate of velocity on anisotropic meshes has not ever been seen in the precious literature.

对于Stokes特征值问题本文不仅得到了征值对的最优误差估计即：特征值和流速压力的零模和能量模以及压力的能量模最优误差估计，其中在各向异性网格下对此问题的零模估计尚未见报道。

The adaptive program is calculated by T-B stress recovery scheme and z-z error estimation, the error is estimated by energy norm of difference of recovery stress and meshless stress. If the local relative error exceeds the limit relative error, then new nodes will be generated at the high error area.

本研究的自适应方法采用TB应力平滑技术和Z-Z误差估计，利用平滑应力和无网格法所得应力解差值的能量范数来估算误差，如果局部相对误差超过了允许误差，则在高误差域插入新的离散点进行加密。

Thirdly, on the base of the existent error estimate of elliptical Galerkin projection operator, obtain semi-discrete and complete-discrete error estimates betwent EFG solution and exact solution of parabolic partial differential equation. Semi-discrete error estimate show that the rank of r is accordance with the approximation rank of subspace S_h. Complete-discrete error estimates show that it not only have relation with radius r of domain of influence, but also have relation with the step length of time variable and the way of discrete.Lastly, give typical examples and draw up procedures of MATLAB.

再次，在"椭圆Galerkin投影"算子的误差估计的基础上，对用EFG法解抛物型偏微分方程的EFG解与精确解之间作了半离散和全离散的误差估计，半离散的误差估计表明所给出的误差界限关于r的阶是与子空间S_h的逼近阶相一致的，全离散的误差估计表明所产生的误差不但与影响域半径r有关，而且与离散时间变量的步长τ及其离散方式有关。

The factors of calculating accuracy are analyzed. Finally, the common process and conclusions of exponential type error estimate on RBF collocation method are given. The error estimates of nonlinear Poisson equation and plane piezoelectric structure are obtained using RMQ basis function.

最后，给出径向基函数指数型收敛误差估计的一般过程和结论，并将RMQ基函数应用到非线性Poisson方程和平面压电结构的误差分析，它们分别具有O λc /h(来源：b8ABC论文网www.abclunwen.com和O的误差估计。

In the second part,we have mainly discussed the error es-timates of the numerical methods for solving ill-posed problem,including the error estimate of finite-dimensional regulariza-tion method in Chapter 5,and the error estimate of regulariza-tion-spline method for solving Fredholm integral equation ofthe first kind.

在第二部分，我们主要讨论了不适定问题数值方法的误差估计，包括有限维正则化方法求解不适定问题的误差估计以及用样条正则化方法求解第一类Fredholm积分方程的误差估计，两者均是目前还未有的结果。

Firstly, Wavelet-Galerkin algorithm for solving the first kind of singular integral equation with the Hilbert kernel is proposed, we use the characteristic of periodic wavelet on L~2([0,1]) and Hilbert kernel to solve and make stiff matrix lower dimensions and become sparser through thresholding,thus the cost of computation is reduced. Because of the singularity of Hilbert kernel we use Tikhonov regularization method to solve the system of stiff equation. At last the convergence and numerical result of approximate solution are given. Secondly, an approach of regularization based on Fourier is presented for sideways heat equation; we give the theory proof and error estimate.

首先，提出了含Hilbert核的第一类奇异积分方程的小波伽辽金(Wavelet-Galerkin)数值算法，该算法中利用了L~2([0，1])上的周期小波和Hilbert核的特点进行处理，使得刚性矩阵维数降低并且通过阈值使得它更加稀疏，减少了计算量；由于Hilbert核的奇异性，通过Tikhonov正则化方法求解所得到的刚性方程组，给出了收敛性和数值结果；其次，对标准的一维逆热传导方程给出了一种基于Fourier正则化方法，给出了理论证明及其误差估计，解决了文献中算法与理论误差估计的不相匹配的现象，该正则化方法不仅保留了测量数据的部分高频成份，且与文献中的算法具有同样的计算量和误差估计。

We have improved the method of anisotropic interpolation error estimations and presented a method to estimate the consistent errors of nonconforming elements.

我们改进了各向异性插值误差估计的判定方法，并给出非协调元的相容误差的各向异性误差估计的方法。

The main contents include: Some preliminary theory (introduction to Sobolev spaces and variational formulations for differential equations); finite element methods for one-dimensional elliptic problems; the construction methods for general finite elements; error estimates for interpolation operators and inverse inequalities for finite element spaces; a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the finite element method for high-dimensional elliptic problems; some typical spectral methods for partial differential equations; error analysis for the spectral approximation for some linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.

主要内容有：准备知识（Sobolev空间的基本概念和主要结果，微分方程的变分描述）；一维椭圆型方程有限元方法；一般有限元的构造；插值算子误差估计和逆不等式；高维椭圆型方程的先验、后验误差估计；求解偏微分方程的几类谱方法；线性与非线性问题谱逼近的误差分析等。

In chapter two,we consider a lumped mass generalized difference scheme for linear integro-differential equation in two dimensions.Lp and error estimates of the generalized Ritz-Volterra projection u ? V and and -norm error estimates of Dk = 1,2 are made,then we obtain and -norm error estimates of u?

第二章考虑二维线性积分微分方程的广义差分集中质量法，建立了广义Ritz-Volterra投影，得到u-V_h~*u的W~(1，p)和L~p(2≤p≤∞)模误差估计和D_t~k，k=1，2的V~p和W~(1，p)(2≤p≤∞)模误差估计，从而得到u-u_h的最优W~(1，p)和L~p(2≤p≤∞)模误差估计。

In chapter three,we consider first order generalized difference scheme for linear Sobolev equation in two dimensions.Lp and W1,p-norm error estimates of the Ritz-Volterra projection u-Vhu and W1,p-norm super error estimate of uh-Vhu are made,so we obtain Lp and W1,p-norm error estimatesOf u-uh.

第三章考虑二维线性Sobolev方程的一阶广义差分格式，建立 Ritz－Volterra投影模误差估计和的模超收敛估计，从而得到的最优模误差估计。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。