误差

Also,a kind of new error analysis method,that is,the relative error of intermediate value s is recommended and adopted to evaluate the accuracy of electric price prediction methods of various kinds.

针对目前电价预测中误差分析方法繁多、各方法之间可比性差的现象进行分析，总结了电价预测中常用的各种误差分析方法的优缺点，并推荐采用一种新的误差分析方法即中值相对误差来评价各种电价预测方法的精度。

By applying the concept of "dominant input",the existence of both the approximation error and external disturbance which are supposed to have unknown boundaries is considered.What's more,the adaptive law utilizes two types of errors in the adaptive fuzzy systems,the tracking error and approximation error.

该方法应用"主导输入"的概念，同时考虑了函数逼近误差和系统外扰的存在，假设了该系统逼近误差和系统外扰有界但界未知的情况；并探讨了自适应模糊控制器的参数自适应律由跟踪误差和逼近误差共同进行调节。

The interpolation error is not detected directly by instruments of high accuracy but evaluated by errors of Lissajous figure, and reference instruments and time consuming comparisons are avoided in this method.

这种间接评定方法适用于含有五种误差形式的光栅信号，即高次谐波、非正交误差、不等幅误差、直流电平漂移和随机误差。

Web-based application system of geometric error compensation aims to broaden error compensation technology by using network. SMART-CNC machine tool has been chosen as the object of experiment. Based on the kinematics of multi-body system, the movement equation for SMART-CNC machine tool has been built.Furthermore, web-based error compensation system has been implemented.

基于Web的数控曲面磨床几何误差补偿技术：以误差补偿技术的网络化应用为目的展开研究，选取SMART-CNC 数控曲面磨床为研究对象，运用多体理论，建立了磨床的运动模型，获得了与精密刀具轨迹相对应的逆变刀具路线或逆变数控指令的求解方法，在此基础开发了基于网络的误差补偿软件，构建了网络化误差补偿服务系统。

The results show that for the linear grating sensor the main error sources of the measurement are the meterage noise and the installation inclination, while for the ballbar transducer the main error source is the installation eccentricity.

结果显示，光栅尺的主要误差源是测量噪声和定位误差，球杆仪的主要误差源是定位误差。

In this paper, firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by three error sources including the inter-satellite range-rate of K-band ranging system, orbital position of GPS receiver and non-conservative force of accelerometer from GRACE satellites is established using the semi-analytical method. Secondly, the dependability of error models is demonstrated based on matching relationship among the accuracy indexes of key payloads. Finally, the accuracy of global gravitational field up to degree and order 120 is effectively and rapidly estimated from GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2006 publicized by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the USA, and the cumulative geoid height error is 18.368 cm at degree 120, which preferably accords with the Earth's gravitational field model EIGEN-GRACE02S provided by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam in Germany.

首先基于半解析法建立了新的GRACE卫星K波段测量系统星间测速、GPS接收机轨道位置和加速度计非保守力误差联合影响累计大地水准面的误差模型；其次，基于各关键载荷精度指标的匹配关系，论证了误差模型的可靠性；最后，基于美国喷气动力实验室公布的2006年的GRACE Level 1B实测误差数据，有效和快速地估计了120阶全球重力场的精度，在120阶处累计大地水准面的精度为18.368 cm，其结果和德国地学研究中心公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S全球重力场模型符合较好。

The author made an analysis of the ratchet gearing used let-off mechanism in the K251 type loom and of the effect to loomage, and came to the conclusion that is: 1. The long length of the loom cause bigger LO, which reduce weaving defects caused by let-off error. 2. At the same status of the loom, the possibility of appearing weaving defects is relative to the characteristic of the loomage, namely, if the stiffness coefficient of the loomage and organzine has lesser difference, the possibility of appearing weaving defects will be lesser, contrarily will bebiggish. 3. The displacement error AL affects the value of the weavingdefects directly, besides wind error, it is a effective method to reduce let-off error.

通过对K251丝织机棘轮送经机构及其对织物影响的分析，得出以下结论：1、丝织机的长机身使Lo较大，有效地降低了由送经误差造成档疵的可能。2、在织机状况相同的情况下，档疵出现的可能性与织物的特性有关，即织物与经丝的刚性系数相差较小的，档疵出现的可能较小，反之较大。3、织口位移误差△L，对档疵有着直接的关系，除了卷取误差，减少送经误差是减少档疵出现的有效的方法。

First of all, the valuation errors in TXO of the BS-IV model are the smallest among all volatility models. In the whole, the BS-IVmodel underprices the market value, BS-HV, BS-EV（EGARCH（1,1））and Ad hoc BS model overprice the market value respectively. Next, there exist the linear relationships between the valuation errors and moneyness in TXO mostly. At last, in view of hedging errors, the other thing being equal, the shorter is the maturity, the smaller is the hedging error.

本文的实证发现，在评价误差方面，整体而言，隐含波动性模型对买权及卖权的评价误差最小，隐含波动性模型之理论价格低估了市场价格；而历史波动性模型、EGARCH（1，1）模型及平滑后的历史波动性模型之理论价格则大多高估了市场价格；接著，在评价误差与金融特性关系方面，各波动性模型之评价误差与价内价外程度、股价指数报酬率、股价指数波动性、距到期日及无风险利率等因素，大多具有显著的线性关系。

Two errors have been defined in this dissertation, which is mean absolute percentage error (E2) and mean percentage error (E3). The application of the two errors has brought great convenience in building and application of RBFNN model.

在研究过程中还提出了两种误差的概念，即平均绝对百分比误差(E2)和平均百分比误差(E3)，这两种误差的灵活应用，在模型的建立和应用过程中发挥了很大的作用。

A measuring system which mainly consists of a high precision motorized translation stage of one dimension, POINT GREY Flea2-14S3 CCD camera and LED light source was designed and constructed. Based on a detailed analysis for experiment results, the periodic changing law of system error of LED facula centroid location in this measuring system was found. The results indicate that based on Flea2-14S3 CCD camera, the random error of facula centroid location is about 0.018 pixels, the system error is about 0.06 pixels, and the total error is about 0.063 pixels (1/15 pixels).

利用高精度一维电动平移台、POINT GREY Flea2-14S3 CCD 相机和LED 光源构建了测试系统，对测试结果进行研究和讨论，发现了测试系统LED 光斑质心定位系统误差的周期性变化规律，计算得到了基于Flea2-14S3 CCD 相机的光斑质心定位随机误差为0.018 pixels，系统误差为0.06 pixels，总体误差为0.063 pixels(约1/15 pixels)，能够应用于以光斑质心检测为手段的测量系统中。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。