误差

First, according to the tracking error dynamics and kinematics described by unit quaternion error and angular velocity error, a sliding mode controller is derived based on Lyapunov theory.

首先根据由误差四元数和误差角速度描述的跟踪误差动力学和运动学方程，设计了基于李亚普诺夫方法的滑模变结构控制律。

System error System error includes constant and variable system error.

系统性误差可分为常值性系统误差和变值性系统误差两种。

The paper begins with the analysis of measurement errors of parallelism of dovetail slots,then studies the working principle and the ratio of amplification for dial test indicator .

从分析工件燕尾槽平行度测量误差入手，深入研究杠杆千分表工作原理和传动放大比公式，讨论了产生误差的各种因素，并提出了校正误差的相应方法

Experiments were carried out to verify the static model. Experimental results show that the experimental curve matched well with the simulated curve, and there was certain error between them (maximal static error is 0.035 rad). The error cause was analyzed. Then the experiments were carried out to measure the dynamic performances of the side-sway joint. Experimental results show that the step response time of the joint was about 2 s steady value's tolerance zone ?

完成了侧摆关节静态特性试验，试验结果与仿真曲线基本吻合，验证了静态模型的正确性，但存在一定误差（最大静态误差为0.035 rad），分析了误差原因；对侧摆关节进行了动态特性试验，试验结果表明对于不同的期望值角度阶跃信号，侧摆关节开环阶跃响应时间大约是2 s

The tooth profile error and longitudinal form error are calculated,and the change rule with setting angle of them is got.

针对花键的齿形误差和齿向误差，按照误差计算原理，得出了计算结果及其随安装角改变的变化规律。

Firstly, we test that the error data are not normal distribution, and even the expectation is not zero. Then we analyze the possible type distribution of these error data. Finally, we use the stepwise method to fit the error data and obtain a function for some parameters of the SAIL model. As prior knowledge, the fitting function will be used to inverse these parameters ofthe SAIL model soon.

首先检验了误差数据不服从正态分布，甚至均值不为零；然后对误差数据可能服从的分布类型给予了解析，得到了指数分布和混合正态分布两种不同类型的可能分布；最后拟合了误差关于SAIL模型部分参数的函数表达式，以作为先验知识应用于反演之中。

Comparison of the synchronous measurement result of this receiver with that of a reference one shows the error trend is the same. The scatter plots of the horizontal error and vertical error distribution show that this measurement system is more stable and can reflect the position information exactly.

该接收机和参考接收机的同步测量结果表明，两个接收机对定位信息获取的误差趋势相同，通过接收机的水平误差散点图和时间序列垂直误差分布图可见，该测量系统较稳定，可准确地反映定位点的位置信息。

Throughout comparing the above estimating methods, we have the following results: the estimators of the moments of the errors does not depend on the random effects, and that of the random effects does not depend on the errors, and then the corresponding asymptotic variances are very simple and optimal; when the random effects are multivariate, we can not construct different estimating equations for the random effects and errors respectively, which results that the asymptotic covariances of estimation are very complex and then the estimating efficiency is bad.

比较上述两种估计法，我们发现：当随机效应是一维的时侯，误差的各阶矩的估计不依赖不可观测的随机效应，随机效应的估计也不依赖误差，因此，估计的渐近方差结构特别简单也是最优的；而当随机效应是多维的，因为随机效应的协变量的影响，我们没有办法针对随机效应和误差的各阶矩分别建立估计方程，这导致所得的估计的渐近方差或者协方差矩阵特别复杂，从而估计的效果不是很好。

Secondly, the characters of errors and deflections of nowadays error processing theory are analyzed, and the methods to eliminate the effect by such errors are pointed out esp.

分析了这些误差的特点及现行误差处理理论的不足，并提出了进一步消除这些误差对短基线定位精度影响的方法。

During the process, the whole position errors on the plane were measured by using the equipment that can only measure a small field. The positional errors on the entire plane table of CNC machine tools were obtained by measuring the error of the basic postion near the original point.

该方法以距离机床坐标原点较近的点（该点的误差直接通过测量仪器获得）为基点，从而获得离机床坐标原点较远位置点的误差，依此类推，最终获得整个机床平面上位置点的误差信息。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。