语音学的

Chapter Two Further Study On Two Types of Tone Sandhis Supposed by Traditional Dialectology The further study is relied on the research of F0 and elapsed time, and more phonetic dealing with the original data.

对这一问题的分析将基于论文第一章所论述的上海方言单音节声调和两类变调的声学特性（基频F0和时长两因素），以及在这两个基本声学特性上所作的语音学意义上的对数据的进一步处理。

The fuzzy quantitative analysis has penetrated into many areas and played a promising role in translatology, rhetorics, phonetics and dialectology.

模糊理论界目前对该理论的研究还有待加深，但这一理论已渗透到翻译学科、修辞理论研究、语音学、以及方言研究等领域之中，具有很大的发展潜力，也是论文作者在以后的学习、工作中重点关注的领域之一。

This dissertation adopts an approach of positivism and integrates the synchronic and diachronic, the phonetics and phonology as well as qualitative and quantitative so as to observe, analyze and describe the diphthong in a vision of historical typology.

本文立足于共时和历时相结合，宏观和微观相结合，语音学和音系学相结合，定性研究和定量研究相结合的研究方法，寄希望于在未来的时间里采用更好的方法来解决研究中发现的某些问题。

In addition, very little research was found on early writing learning and early reading learning by Chinese-Speaking children, particularly based on the innate-constructivist paradigm of language learning. Thus, this literature review endeavors to probe in to the early literccy learning procss of Chinese-speaking children in terms of the miscue patterns and strategies of early writing/spelling and ceading, including their use of Chinese orthographic cues.

而儿童的语音学是很抽象的，有其特殊方式，不同於成人、他的父母和老师，再者有关说中语儿童早期写作和阅读学习的研究，特别是以天生创造者观点所做之研究甚少，因此本文特别从文献来探索说中语儿童的早期读写学习历程，包括早期书写、拼字及阅读，使用中文拼字线索等方面的研究和发现。

Although this is the beginning of a new chapter, it is also a continuation of a long and successful tradition of the study of linguistics, philology and phonetics at Oxford.

尽管这是一部新的篇章的开端，然而它也是对牛津在语言学、哲学和语音学研究方面的一种长期而有成效的传统的延续。

Etic : a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike's distinction of phonetics and phonemics.

非位的：来自于美国语言学家派克对与语音学和音位学的区分的一个术语，与位学的相对。

Emic : a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike's distinction of phonetics and phonemics.

位学的：来自于美国语言学家派克对与语音学和音位学的区分的一个术语，与非位的相对。

The history and current situation of research in speech recognition are proposed all-sidedly and systematically. We probe into such topics about acoustic features, phonetic features, phonologic features and auditory perception in terms of related theory and disciplines. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze focus in current theoretical and technical aspects of speech recognition and immediately put an insight into challenge to speech recognition presently, even in a long time.

论文全面、系统地介绍了国内外语音识别的发展历史和发展现状，结合相关学科的知识，分析了语音声学特征、语音学特征、音系学特征及其语音感知等有关问题，分析并总结了目前语音识别理论和技术实现方面的研究重点以及目前、甚至在相当长的时期内语音识别面临的挑战。

The purpose of this thesis is principally to supply teachers of English from Yixing Dialect area with basic linguistic and phonetic theories as well as practical examples of how to do contrastive analysis in their teaching of English pronunciation.

中文摘要：基于宜兴方言语音体系属性对英语标准发音学习所存在的正、负两方面的影响，本论文的撰写目的是：为具有一定语音学基础理论知识及实践经验、且其教学对象是宜兴地区学生的英语语音教师提供可进行对比教学的资料及依据。

The purpose of this thesis is principally to supply teachers of English from Yixing Dialect area with basic linguistic and phonetic theories as well as practical examples of how to do contrastive analysis in their teaching of English pronunciation.

基于宜兴方言语音体系属性对英语标准发音学习所存在的正、负两方面的影响，本论文的撰写目的是：为具有一定语音学基础理论知识及实践经验、且其教学对象是宜兴地区学生的英语语音教师提供可进行对比教学的资料及依据。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。