语音

This dissertation begins with the analysis of speech signal pretreatment and does some points test, draws the characteristic parameter of the introduction pronunciation through MATLAB speech processing toolbox, gets rid of the aphonia segment and yawp of speech signal, offers effective speech segment for the distill of speech characteristic parameter.

本系统首先从语音信号的预处理开始分析，通过MATLAB语音处理工具箱提取输入语音的特征参数，对语音信号进行了端点检测，滤除了语音信号的无声段和噪声，为语音特征参数的提取提供了有效语音段。

In response to these changes, this paper claims that the teaching of English pronunciation and intonation in China should be more inclusive. Specifically, we should transcend the nativeness paradigm, add in some widely recognized EIL phonetic features, enhance students' receptive skills, help students grasp the essence of the Lingua Franca Core, innovate the present assessment of learners' pronunciation and intonation, and put more emphasis on teacher education to keep up with this latest trend.

基于这些新形势和新的研究成果，中国高校英语语音教学应突破本族语言范式，适当添加国际广泛认可的EIL的一些主要语音特征，提高学生对不同母语的英语使用者语音的辨识能力和接受性技能，着重帮助学生克服核心语音等容易影响交流的语音错误，改革语音考核制度，并且加大对语音教师有针对性的培训。

For the pitch misgrouping problem caused by no voicing decision in Meddis'pitch extracting method for concurrent speech signals, referring to voicing decision for single speech signal, basing on the analysis of the voicing charater of concurrent speech signals, we present a voicing decision method in pitch extracting for concurrent speech signals. Double periodic degree and frequencies group's distribution degree are introduced for voicing decision of concurrent speech signals.

针对Meddis的基于听觉心理生理的混叠语音基频提取算法中不分清浊音所导致的语音基频错判问题，借鉴了单语音清浊音判断的方法，基于对混叠语音的清浊性能的分析，提出了混叠语音基频提取中的清浊音判断算法，提出了判断混叠语音周期性的双周期度及判断频带组周期性的分布度两个指标，用于混叠语音基频提取中的清浊音判断。

Main on-going research works include:"Expressive speech synthesis system","Spontaneous Speech Generation in Natural Human Computer Interaction"(863),"High performance distributed speech synthesis and recognition engine"(863),"The evaluation system of Chinese information processing"(863),"Multilingual speech synthesis system","emotional speech synthesis and classification","text independent voice conversion", etc.

当前正在进行的研究工作包括：具有表现力的语音合成系统，自然人机交互中的口语产生系统（863），高质量分布式语音合成和语音识别引擎的研究（863），中文信息处理评价系统（863），多语言语音合成系统，情感语音合成与情感分类，文本独立的语音转换系统等。

It summarizes the current advancements in the aboveOmentioned field in terms of eight aspects :①relations between L2 speech perception and production ,②L2 phonological studies ,③L2 speech segmental studies ,④L2 speech acquisition models ,⑤L2 speech suprasegmental studies ,⑥L1 transfer in L2phonological acquisition ,⑦nonO linguistic factors in L2 phonological acquisition ,and ⑧L2 speech instruction.

本文主要探讨了国外第二语言语音习得研究近年来的进展，着重涉及以下8 个方面：①二语口头话语感知与表达的关系、②二语口头话语的音系学研究、③二语口头话语的语段理论研究、④二语音系理论模型的构建、⑤二语口头话语的超音段研究、⑥二语音系习得中的母语迁移、⑦非语言因素对二语音系习得的影响、⑧二语语音教学研究。

Emphasis is laid on the research progress in the field of new generation speech synthesis technology contributed by USTC iFlytek speech laboratory, which includes integration articulatory and acoustic features for improving the flexibility of acoustic parameter generation; a minimum generation error criterion proposed to replace maximum likelihood for improving synthesized speech quality; use of unit selection and waveform concatenation to replace parametric synthesizer, thus effectively avoiding the limitation of speech quality in HMM based parametric synthesis.

重点介绍中国科学技术大学讯飞语音实验室在发展新一代语音合成技术中的贡献，包括：融合发音器官参数与声学参数，提高声学参数生成的灵活性；以最小生成误差准则取代最大似然准则，提高合成语音的音质；使用单元挑选与波形拼接方法取代参数合成器重构，从根本上改善HMM参数语音合成器在合成语音音质上的不足。

Some information such as pitch and harmonic of each speech stream, interaural time difference and interaural intensity difference and etc could be obtained from overlapping speech by the analyzing and modeling of overlapping speech and noisy speech, based on which the interested speech can be reconstructed and overlapping speech can be separated.

通过对混叠语音和含噪语音进行分析建模，对混叠语音分别提取其各自语音流的基音及谐波、双耳时间差ITD和强度差IID等信息，并以此重构目标语音分量，达到分离混叠语音的目的。

The invention discloses a method for negotiating a voice encoding/decoding format in a communication system, in which a caller mobile station originates to negotiate the voice encoding/decoding format with a callee mobile station, the method comprises that: a mobile switch centre of the communication system receives an originating signal transmitted by the caller mobile station, the originating signal carries the number of the callee mobile station; a voice encoding/decoding format list which is latest used by the callee mobile station is acquired according to the originating signal in a database in which mobile station information is stored; the voice encoding/decoding format used when the caller mobile station is communicated with the callee mobile station is determined, and voice carrier of the caller mobile station and the callee mobile station is established in the voice encoding/decoding format.

本发明公开了一种通信系统中协商语音编解码格式的方法，主叫移动台始发与被叫移动台进行协商语音编解码格式，包括：通信系统中的移动交换中心接收到主叫移动台发送的始呼信号，该始呼信号中携带有被叫移动台的号码；根据始呼信号在存储有移动台信息的数据库中获取到被叫移动台最近使用的语音编解码格式列表；决定主叫移动台与被叫移动台进行通信时使用的语音编解码格式，并且以该语音编解码格式建立主叫移动台和被叫移动台的语音承载。

It comprises: CN pages call and the page message carries the sonic service information, as the sonic service of CS region; UE responds page, and sends the sonic service information to RNC in the initial access request message; RNC receives request and makes sure it is sonic service of CS region, to decide one sonic speed parameter Rm, and based on the resource demand, to build one wireless chain and ground load between Iub interface signal and service, and the signal and service load of wireless interface; UE and CN processes QoS consultation, and CN sends the consulted Qos parameter to RNC, which comprises a sonic speed parameter Ra of this service; RNC compares parameter Ra and Rm, if Ra is higher then Rm, builds the ground load of Iu interface and sends distribution answer message to CN to continuously page answer process.

一种WCDMA系统被叫侧语音呼叫的快速建立方法，包括步骤：CN寻呼被叫，寻呼消息中携带语音业务信息，指明是CS域的语音业务；UE响应寻呼，在初始接入请求消息中将所述语音业务信息传递到RNC；RNC收到请求并获知是CS域的语音业务后，决策出一个语音速率参数Rm并基于其对资源的要求，建立Iub接口信令和业务的无线链路及地面承载，以及无线接口的信令和业务承载；UE和CN进行QoS协商，CN将协商得到的Qos参数指派给RNC，其中包括本次业务的语音速率参数Ra；RNC比较参数Ra和Rm，如果Ra≥Rm，则建立Iu接口的地面承载，向CN发送指派应答消息，继续呼叫应答过程。

In addition, we proposed a new approach to implement a descrambler. The security problem of speech communication has always been a demanding problem in military and business areas. A common approach to realizing end-to-end security is the use of a scrambler. Most of the scramblers are based on the permutation of speech signals in the time domain and/or frequency domain. On the other hand, descramblers are used to eavesdrop information from scrambled speech signals. We treated the descrambling problem as a puzzle solving problem. Some speech signals were used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.

接著我们将此演算法应用於语音通讯保密的语音解搅拌器上，语音通讯保密已经被广泛应用在军事与商业领域，一般的作法是将语音搅拌器使用在端点对端点的保密上，而大部分的语音搅拌器都是以时域与频域为基础来进行排列搅拌，另一方面语音解搅拌器也必须防止窃听者盗取搅拌后的语音讯号，在此实验上，我们将语音解搅拌的问题视为解拼图的问题，并且利用我们所提出的解拼图方法来实作其应用，最后我们采用一些范例来展示其结果。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。