语言能力

The translator should not give in before the literary texts that are charged with foregrounded and defamiliarized devices. Instead, he should meet the challenge and exert his utmost effort to exhaust his linguistic and stylistic competence in tapping the potentiality of translatability so as to keep the heterogeneity and novelty of the original texts.

翻译者不应该在充满前景或陌生化的文学文本面前退而求其次，而是应该知难而上，穷尽自己语言和文体能力，挖掘可译性潜势，保持源文本的异质性和新奇感。

This article deals with the great positive impact of infusing the knowledge of cultural background on the learning and teaching of English in universities and colleges in terms of the relationship between language and culture and the cultivation of intercultural communication competence.

文章语言与文化的关系以及跨文化交际能力的培养角度出发，论述了文化背景知识的输入对高校英语教学的巨大积极作用，提出在高校英语教学中进行文化背景知识输入的一些原则和途径。

"It inhibits recognition and processing of graphic symbols, particularly those pertaining to language."

是一种慢性的神经障碍，抑制人的认识和处理书写符号(尤其是与语言有关的符号)的能力。

We find that pupils who are in fond of music, take part in musical activity frequently , often be vivacious , enthusiastic, smart and confident, they can also be good at intercommunicating, have good language expression ability, those characters are just what we need in society of nowadays.

我们发现，凡是喜爱音乐、经常参加音乐活动的学生，大多热情大方、活泼开朗、思维敏捷、自信心强、善于交际、有一定的语言表达能力，而这正是当今社会所需的人格素质。

The development of CALL interweaves with that of language education theories.

语言输入的多样性和多渠道性使学习者更乐意接受和采用新的学习模式和手段，这为培养学习者自主学习能力创造了前提。

Using a series of experimental studies,the project explored the cognitive basis of sign language,lip-reading,reading of Chinese and comprehension of the deaf.

课题通过系列实验研究探讨了聋人手语、唇读、中文阅读与语篇理解的认知基础：(1)手语是语言，有助于促进听觉障碍学生认知能力的发展。

It is essential for people to communicate with others properly, because communication is the most sociable of all human activities and it is an activity only of humans.

本文是从在校大学生的立场出发，通过一系列例证为大学生更好的日常交际提供正确选用语言的策略和途径，提高大学生的交际能力。

The main task for the new English curriculum is to shift from overemphasizing the transmission mode of teaching and learning based on grammar and vocabulary to the development of students' overall ability in language use.

英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养倾向。

Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use, therefore, it is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Paroles are the naturally occurring language events. They vary from person to person, and from situation to situation.

乔姆斯基认为，语言学家应该研究&能力&，揭示人脑中已经内在化的语言规则，而不是研究&使用&，因为&使用&会受到各种偶然因素的影响，如口误等，因而是不体系的。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。