语言知识

In addition to his affinity for trial scenes and knowledge of legal intricacies, Shakespeare's plays abound with dialogue that has special meaning for lawyers.

除了他对法庭场景的喜爱、对法律难题的知识，莎士比亚的戏剧语言充满了对于律师来说意义特殊的话。

A sign language-oral language bilingualism is the only way that the deaf child will meet his/her needs, that is, communicate early with his/her parents, develop his/her cognitive abilities, acquire knowledge of the world, communicate fully with the surrounding world, and acculturate into the world of the hearing and of the Deaf.

双语是对于两种或更多语言的了解及经常使用的能力。手语-口语双语并行是唯一符合听障小孩需求的方法，也就是能很早开始跟父母沟通、发展他/她的认知能力、获得有关这个世界的知识、跟周遭的人完全沟通以及融入听人与聋人的世界。

The Hunspell dictionary maintainers have done a great job creating high-quality dictionaries that anybody can use, but one of the problems with any dictionary is that there are inevitably omissions, especially as new words appear or proper nouns come into common use. We at Google are in a good position to use our knowledge of the internet to identify and fix some of these omissions. The Google translation team used their language models to generate a sorted list of the most popular words in each language. This was cross-checked with the Hunspell dictionaries to generate a list of the top 1000 words not present in each dictionary. This list includes many popular words, but also common misspellings. To remove these words, each list was reviewed by specialist in that language. Generally, we tried to keep proper nouns and even foreign words as long as they were in common usage.

Hunspell字典维护人员已经完成了一项伟大的工作，那就是创建了一个高质量的可供任何人使用的字典但是所有的字典都存在一个不可避免的问题就是词条的遗漏，特别是新出现的名词和专有名词开始广泛使用的时候我们这些在Google工作的人可以很好地使用我们的网络知识来识别并确定一些遗漏 Google翻译团队使用他们的网络模型来为每一种语言产生一个排好序的最流行词汇表它与Hunspell词典相互检验然后生成每一个字典都没有的最流行的1000个单词的列表这个列表包含了许google地球免费多流行词汇，但是也包括了常见的错别字为了删掉这些词，每一个列表都要经过语言专家的审查一般来说，我们试图包含常用的专有名词甚至是外语词汇

Thinking over to the survey and connecting with remands of the course standard to the pupils'speaking communicative abilities, the author bring up some speaking teaching to improve the pupils'Chinese speaking communicative abilities. As teachers, we must renew our own speaking teaching ideas stepping out from the thinking, role and studying wrong areas; we should improve our own language qualities and make solid foundation; we should explore the ways to improve the Chinese speaking communicative teaching results. Such as: paying much attention to training of listening and speaking; making full use of the class teaching; giving full play to the teachers'guide role in every procedure; trying to get the result of reacting from two sides; connecting the speaking teaching with the regular reading and writing teaching together; getting the feed back in time; setting up a whole scientific evaluative system and speaking teaching material store.

对调查情况进行反思，结合课程标准对小学生口语交际能力要求，提出了提高该地区小学语文口语交际教学水平的对策：教师要更新口语交际教学理念，走出认识误区、角色误区和科研误区；教师要提高自身语言素质，夯实口语教学底蕴；积极探索提高口语交际教学效果的途径和方法，如重视教材中的听说训练课，充分利用课堂这一特定形式，在各个环节中充分发挥教师的主导作用，努力实现双向互动，把口语交际能力训练同常规的阅读教学、作文教学紧密结合，口语训练要与课外阅读相结合，加强语言和知识积累，精心创设情境，激发兴趣，在日常生活中锻炼和培养学生的口语交际能力，要及时评价反馈，保证课时；探索科学的评价方案，建立完整科学的评价体系；建立口语交际教学资料库。

Constructivism advocates "a student-centeredlearning under the guidance of teachers". They agues that knowledge is not taught bythe teachers, but is acquired in a certain situation, that is, in the social and culturalbackground, through the Construction of Meanings by using the necessary materialsfor study, with the help by others (including teachers and learning partners). Theystress to create a variety of real language environments for the students, and pay muchattention to training the students actual ability of using the language. Its theory hasgreat inspiring and guiding significance in organizing teaching and compilingteaching materials.

建构主义提倡&教师指导下的，以学生为中心的学习&，认为知识不是通过教师传授得到的，而是学生在一定的情境即社会文化背景下，借助其他人的帮助，利用必要的学习资料，通过意义建构的方式获得的，强调为学生创设真实多样的语言环境，重视培养学实际运用语言的能力，其理论对组织教学、编写教材富有启发和指导意义。

But Latin survived as the language of churchmen and the wealthy, educated classes, and was to have a profound effect on the development of the languages of southern Europe and England.

不过，作为宗教人士、上层阶级和知识阶层的语言，拉丁语仍被继续使用，并将对南欧国家和英国的语言发展产生深远的影响。

People with primitive language capability can roughly translate simple Chinese into English with the re-representation of the majority of the information contained in the original text, however, people with certain level of knowledge but with deficient language capability can not complete this kind of task.

具有初步语言能力的人可以粗略地将简易的汉语译成英语并再现原文的大部分的信息，而只具有一定知识但语言能力不足的人则无法完成这样的任务。

In fact, he thinks that SI practice is a process in which the interpreter runs parallel with the speaker and by activating the linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge the interpreter gradually carries out the theory of functional equivalence from micro level to macro level. The purpose of SI is to let the listeners in TT have the similar responses with the listeners in ST so that they can make correct judgment.

实际上，他认为同声传译就是顺句驱动这样一个过程，按照译员所听到的信息展开的顺序将其切分成若干个意群，首先实现微观上的准确理解，然后将各个意群通过逻辑进行连接，同时启动语言内和语言外知识，利用各种技巧，逐渐实现从微观到宏观上的源语和目的语之间的功能对等的过程。

In this kind of linguistic situation, by the rules and procedure can economic affirm the legality and limitation of state intervention and modify it procedurally; from the angle of Language and symbol, the function of economic laws is to convey the order and requirements and to provide information by the language expressions.

在这样的语境下，经济法通过规则与程序确认国家干预权的合法性，确认国家干预的有限性，并对国家干预施加程序上的限制。从语言与符号的角度，经济法的形式理性则发挥着通过语言表达要求与命令、为人们提供知识并传播经济法律制度的功能与作用。

Sociolinguists emphasize variability in learner linguistic performance, and extend the scope of study to communicative competence underlying knowledge that additionally accounts for language use, or pragmatic competence

社会语言学家强调学习者语言表现中的变异，把研究范围拓展至交际能力（一种可以解释语言运用或语用能力的潜在知识

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新