语言文字

With regard to his methods, he took advantage of comparative linguistics based on traditional textual research, so as to shed light on the important cultural issues hiding behind the words and languages, bringing Dunhuangnology into a still broader realm.

在研究方法上，他突出运用了建立在传统考据学基础之上的比较语言学方法，使隐藏在语言文字之下的重大文化问题得以昭示，从而把对敦煌学的研究推向了更为广阔的领域。

However, the reading style of ping-dian was more perceptive, subjective and the content was scattered and like broken bits language. It didn't have a concrete theory system. In order to avoid the diverseness and confusedness, the method of this thesis is to treat it as a literature phenomenon to discuss.

然而，评点的阅读方式多属於感知的、主观的，评点内容属於较为零散、细碎的语言文字，并没有具体的理论系统，为了避免论述的纷杂，因此，本论题所采取的方法，是将「明代评点词集」当作一个文学现象来探讨，以「层面性」的探讨方式，取代单纯对於文本的介绍，使这个论题能够更深化、更有意义。

So we must be careful in using language and words for conveying information with others.

所以，我们在使用语言文字以传达讯息上应该小心为之。

A logogram is a reading of a cuneiform sign which represents a word in the spoken language.

简写是一读一楔形标志，代表了语言文字。

They may only be words but they are powerful declaration of what you wish to happen.

虽然他们仅仅是一些语言文字，但他们强力的表达了什么是你希望实现的。

In the course of reading a foreign language in most of dyslexia is caused by the language.

在外语的阅读过程中大部分的阅读障碍是由语言文字造成的。

"Man is a cultural animal, and the use of language is indispensable for a human being to learn about himself, understand his fellow creature s, and comprehend Nature."

人是文化动物，因此运用语言文字是任何一个人在学习认识自我，理解他人和了解自然的过程中都不可或缺的条件。

All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, as well as the freedom to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.

各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。

All nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken an d written languages and to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.

各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。