语言学知识

Professor Tian:This textbook possesses a new challenge to teachers of English in primary schools, because if they teach language communicatively, the teacher should be able to listen, to speak, to read and to write.

田教授：这套教材对小学英语教师提出了新的挑战，如果要进行互动式的教学，教师必须具有听、说、读、写各方面的能力，他们的语言能力和语言学知识必须得到提高。

So to analyze in the aspect of description, it is useful to delouse the fount how inarticulateness comes into being; Based on the economic relationship and from the viewpoint of the pursuit of aim, the object of studying, the original creation of aesthetics, as well as the articulate knowledge and inarticulate knowledge, Polanyi distinguished the acquisitive way of science and technology. The development model of personal Knowledge can be generalized as the enthusiasm of seeking knowledge; Polanyi revealed how personal factors of mathematician cut across logical chasm, and gained mathematics findings in math" s activities. Thus he proved mathematics was also activity-needed techniques as natural science; Last evaluating the theory of "Personal Knowledge systematically, it can reveal its realistic significance and limitation.

波兰尼把认知结构区分为可言传知识与不可言传知识，与20世纪以来西方哲学的中心课题转向语言学的研究一致，所以从言述的角度出发，有助于了解不可言传性如何形成的根源；波兰尼以经济关系为立足点，从科学与技术的目的追求、研究对象、美的原创性，以及从可言传知识与默会知识的角度对两者的获取途径做了区分；其个人知识发展模式可以概括为：求知热情→启发性热情→说服性热情……；波兰尼揭示出数学家的个人因素是如何在数学活动中跨越逻辑鸿沟，取得数学发现的，从而证明数学同自然科学一样，也是一项需要技能的活动；最后对"个人知识"理论作一系统的评价，揭示"个人知识"理论的现实意义和局限性。

And their language and linguistic competence should be improved.

他们的语言能力和语言学知识必须得到提高。

After distinguishing several related concepts and summarizing the basic coreference types, this paper analyses the past 30 years research line on coreference resolution. It is pointed out that the current key problems and research trends are global optimization, the use of deep linguistical and background knowledge, and the combination of linguistical models and statistical models. Finally, the related international evaluations, evaluation metrics, related corpora and tools are described in detail.

本文区分了几个容易混淆的相关概念，总结了共指的基本类型，分析了近三十年来共指消解的研究路线，认为全局优化、深层语言学知识以及背景知识的利用、语言学模型和统计模型的融合是当前的关键问题和研究趋势，并详细介绍了共指消解相关的国际评测、评测方法、语料资源和工具。

5 Discuss the main arguments used by Chomsky and others to support this 'nativist' view that what makes language acquisition possible is the fact that much of our linguistic knowledge is unlearned; it is innate or inborn, part of the initial state of the language faculty.

在第2-2到2-5的部分，讨论乔姆斯基的主要论证，还有支持「在地的语用者」的观点。支持这个观点的主张会认为，使得语言知识被获得的可能是指，有众多的语言学知识是未被学习到的；这个知识是先天的或事先验的，先天的部分指的是语言的能力。

The linguistic knowledge of Putonghua pronunciation was effectively introduced into the calculation of HMM based log posterior probability.

新算法在隐马尔科夫模型的对数后验概率算法基础上，引入普通话发音的语言学知识。

Cross-disciplinary studies like this article will not only broaden the horizon of Russian lexicological study, but they also help students see how, using their lexicological knowledge, to research the art of language.

这种交叉研究不仅会扩大俄语词汇学研究的理论视角，对其他语种的词汇学研究提供启发，而且还能使学生在学习词汇学知识的同时直接接触了如何用语言学知识研究艺术语言的问题。

Due to the lack of syntax structure of the information in web pages, especially in the semi-structure pages, the traditional natural language processing technology is not applicable to the web information extraction well. And web pages is recognized, explained and shown by browers and viewed by users, in which there is a lot of vison characters. So if the vision information in web pages can be used for information extraction, complex linguistic knowledge would be avoided.

由于Web页面的内容缺乏严格规范的语法结构，尤其是半结构化页面，所以传统的自然语言处理技术并不能很好地适用于Web信息抽取，另外Web页面被浏览器识别、解释和显示并供用户查看和理解，其中包含了大量的视觉特征，如果把Web页面的这种视觉信息应用于信息抽取，就可以避免使用复杂的语言学知识。

Different linguistics theories, such as structuralism, transformational grammar, functionalism, sociolinguistics, semiotics, philosophy, and psychology have contributed to new viewpoints, theories, methods, and...

翻译研究者们在现代语言学的结构理论、转换生成理论、功能理论、社会语言学、符号学研究、哲学、心理学等影响下，分别从不同的角度，试图对翻译这个古老的话题赋予新的含义，增添新的内容，从而提出新的研究方法、理论模式和翻译技巧语义结构是意义研究的一个新视角，指语言单位通过具体的运用而抽象出来的意义，产生于人们的语法结构知识与非语言的百科知识相合成的过程中，并由于语言符号而得以固定，是语义，语法，和语用的结合，三者不可分割。

A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distr...

语言学是对语言的系统研究，对于一个学习英语的人来说，应该懂一点语言学的知识，它可以在理论上对学习语言有指导作用，有助于更好的学习语言，下面介绍一点语言学知识。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新