语言学

Lehman's "Introduction to the history of linguistics", which give a pile of Indo-European example of what "strong verbs""weak verbs""preterite"... Mr. Li Funing of "English history" research and read after suddenly: the history of Indo-European language well, is one of the reasons why their text material than our rich ...... Sino-Tibetan language and other languages is far below the level of the sound.

莱曼的《历史语言学导论》，里面举了一堆印欧语系的例子，什么"strong verbs""weak verbs""preterite"…李赋宁先生的《英语史》研究，看了以后豁然开朗：印欧语系的历史语言学做得好，就是一个原因，他们的文字材料要比我们丰富……汉藏语系和其他的语系远远达不到这个完备的程度。

Saussure puts forward the signification and signal on linguistics of the language, but he hasn't involved linguistics of the speech, he proved that the combination of two is arbitrary.

能指和所指是索绪尔就语言的语言学所提出的，并没有涉及到言语的语言学，他论证二者的结合具有任意性。

Drawing on studies in intercultural communication, applied linguistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse studies and other researches related to the studies of language, culture and communication, the author bases her ideology for interculturalizing ELT in China mainly on three lines of thinking: 1 the perception of language, communication and culture as triunity in language teaching and learning; 2 the understanding of the English teaching/learning process as dialogic interactions between the learner and the culture Other and between their pertaining linguacultures; 3 the rethinking of ELT in China as intercultural literacy education oriented towards intercultural speakership of the learner as a full-fledged member of the global community powered with intercultural communication competence in English.

本研究汲取了跨文化交际学、应用语言学、语用学、社会语言学、语篇分析及其他有关语言、文化和交际的研究成果，作者关于跨文化交际中国英语教学的思想主要建立在以下三个方面的认识：1语言、交际与文化在外语教学中应该被视为三位一体的统一体；2英语教学的过程是学习者与文化他者之间、以及他们各自相关的语言-文化之间对话性互动的过程；3中国英语教学应该是跨文化素质教育的重要组成部分和手段，其终极目标是把学生培养成为具有英语跨文化交际能力、在国际社会交往中运用自如、羽翼丰满的跨文化人。

The study of modem Chinese grammar in the 20 century is closely related to structural linguistics, especially to American structural linguistics.

二十世纪的现代汉语语法研究与结构主义语言学，特别是美国结构主义语言学有着密切的联系。

Heard that the Law is based on structural linguistics and behavioral psychology as a theoretical foundation, students listening and speaking ability of teaching methods; and the communicative approach is based on the theoretical basis for social linguistics, students focus on the communicative competence.

听说法是以结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学为理论基础，培养学生听说能力的教学方法；而交际法是以社会语言学为理论基础，注重培养学生的交际能力。

Influenced by the traditional linguistics and structural linguistics, the former research on Chinese and English proverbs focuses on the formal and cultural features, that is to say, the structure, rhetoric and culture in proverbs.

以往的汉英谚语对比研究由于受传统语言学和结构主义语言学的影响，着重研究谚语的形式特征和谚语的文化观，即谚语的语言结构、修辞特点以及文化特征等。

Historical linguistics is the subfield of linguistics that studies language change.

历史语言学是研究语言变化的一个语言学分支。

It emphasizes that only by going from the theory of social individual's growing-up, which is constructed by this essay's author himself, integrating organically the diachronical dimension with synchronical dimension related to the studies of translation, and so dealing with the relationships among translational artistry, translational ideal, and translational criteria appropriately, can we recognize the criteria of translation and their courses of growing-up properly, and so do enhance our levels of translation studies gradually through locating the role of these criteria of translation rightly.

显然，这是一个有待进一步证明的命题，而且在这里不行能举行这样的证明，只能有待于未来的机遇；但我们仍然可以说，今世西方语言学领域的、为国内语言学研究界所珍视和引用的绝大多数理论，基础上都以这种哲学传统态度和要领论视角为基础，而不是议决扬弃它们而举行崭新的研究才得出其结论的。

So we narrowed it down and tried to give a tentative cognitive interpretation of the transitivity system. More specifically, this thesis intends to interpret transitivity system from a cognitive perspective with an illustrative analysis of D.H.

有了这样共同的认知基础，再从三个不同的角度对及物性系统和认知语言学的三大基本观点进行更为具体和详尽的比较分析，这三个方面分别是：及物性系统的反映观，过程类型，环境成分和语态，和认知语言学的体验观，事件图示和凸显或注意理论。

As semiotics as a discipline is more foundational in nature than linguistics logic and philosophy,the trichotomy in semiotics has produced a definitive influence on the developments of other three fields in the West during the 20th century.

语形学、语义学和语用学原本是符号学的分类法，由于符号学是比语言学、逻辑学和哲学更基本的学科平台，符号学的三分法对20世纪西方语言学、逻辑学和哲学的发展产生了根本性的影响。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。