语言

Secondly, focus is on synchronic study of language, rather than on diachronic study of language.

其次，重点是同步研究语言，而不是在历时研究语言。

Diachronic : study of a language is carried through the course of its history.

历时：在语言的历史过程中研究语言。

Diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history.

在语言的历史过程中研究语言。

Essentialbranches or theories are composed of ethnomethodolog y,Bernstein's code theories, the sociology of language, theethnography of speaking, discourse analysis, the socialpsychology of languag e, urban dialectology, social networktheory and identity theory.

其中，分支流派主要包括民族方法论、伯恩斯坦的语码理论、语言社会学、说话民族志、话语分析、语言的社会心理学、城市方言学、社交网理论和认同论。

It holds the view that the essence of language is dialogue. And the speciality of existence is also the speciality of language——dialogism. In other words, existence means intercourse in the form of dialogue.

巴赫金倡导"对话主义"，认为语言的本质是对话，而生存的特性也就是语言的特性——对话性，即生存，就意味着对话式的交往。

For example,Husserl turned from the pursuit of theperfect scientific world to the"living world".wittgenstein gave up logical analysis andcame about the researching of the parsing of daily language in order to realize the regressto the living form.Heidegger disclosed the alienation of daily life in full scale throughdissecting daily coexistence.Dilthey called for the interlocution and understanding.Jaspersdiscussed the existence,freedom and communication relation of human being andconcentrated on the question of global communication.The dialogistic theory of Bakhtin.the hermeneutic of Cadamer and the subversion to the human-centered traditionalphilosophy of the postmodernism all embodied the turnaround.

如胡塞尔从对理想的科学世界的追求转向对前科学的"生活世界"的关心，维特根斯坦放弃逻辑分析而以研究日常语言的语法规则为己任向"生活形式"的回归，海德格尔通过对人的日常共在的剖析揭示现代日常生活的全面异化，狄尔泰提倡对话、理解，雅斯贝尔斯对人的生存、自由、交往关系的论述及全球交往问题的关注，巴赫金富有启迪意义的对话理论，伽达默尔以语言为本体的现代释义学理论，以及后现代主义者们对以人为中心的传统观点和方法的颠覆和反叛等。

This article discusses how to focus on the verbal expression in language drills in foreign language teaching , and by using a large number of examples expounds on the differences in the actual use of both English and Chinese in the aspects of indirectness and the differentness between English and Chinese.

本文主要论述了外语教学中语言操练时如何注意英语言语行为的表达方式，并通过大量的例句从英语语言的间接性和英汉语言行为的差异性方面阐述了英汉语言在实际使用中的不同点。

Diglossia describes a situation in which two very different varieties of language co-exist in a speech community, each with a distinct range of purely social function and appropriate for certain situations.

双言现象并存于同一语言社区、用途各不相同的语言变体，通常其中一种被视为高层次变体，具有文言文的特征，另一种则为口语式的低层次变体。

Based on some influential theories of the structure analysis of codeswitching, such as free morpheme constraints, equivalent theory and matrix language frame model, and so on, the author puts forward a pattern, which takes the MLF Model as the basic theoretical frame, considers the concrete situations, and divides the Chines-English codeswitching into intrasentential codeswitching, intersentential codeswitching, and diglossia codeswitching.

并在分析一些语码转换结构研究上较有影响的理论基础上，如自由词素限制、对等限制、母体语言模式等，提出了以母体语言模式为基本理论框架，并与中英语码转换的具体情况相结合的中英语码转换分类模式，即句内转换、句际转换和双语转换。

Diglossia?Meta-linguistic attitudes vis--vis Haitian Creole.

双言制译者注：单一语言中具有相对稳定的语言地位的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。