语言

This essay used semeiology and metaphor theory as well as real examples, to discuss the problem of how the meaning raised from the visual language in the information design, which including two ...

本文应用符号学与隐喻的理论，借助实例从视觉语言的结构关系与视觉语言自身的谱系关系两个角度来分析信息设计中视觉语言的意义产生问题，并从视觉语言的诠释学层面对视觉语言的接受问题进行了研究。

This article is about the Xining dialect SOV variety of sentences and the Altai various language-related linguistic phenomenon comparison, with a list of facts and analysis of two types of linguistic expression of the similarities and differences to show that Xining dialect in accordance with the laws of internal development at the same time, ethnic groups because the contacts arising from language contact has led to obvious features of the current characteristics of the Altai.

本文从西宁方言SOV各种句式和境内阿尔泰诸语言相关语言现象的比较入手，用罗列语言事实和分析两类语言表达方式的异同来表明，西宁方言在遵照内部发展规律的同时，因为族群的接触而产生的语言接触促成了目前这种阿尔泰特征明显的特点，这一现象支持桥本万太郎北方汉语阿尔泰化的结论。

On one hand, each language develops harmoniously in this ecosystem. On the other hand, each language competes with each other. The changes of one or more languages will put the language cultural ecosystem in an unsteady state, and then causes the vicissitudes of language culture.

在这个系统中，各民族语言一方面相互协同发展；另一方面各民族语言也存在相互竞争，任何一个或几个民族语言的变化都会使语言文化生态系统处于不稳定状态，继而引起语言文化的变迁。

This article is based on the surveys of field language cases, and the author xrays the endangerment of Tujia people's language from the intergenerational differences of this group in mother tongue capacity, language attitudes, language use, language selection, with the purpose of reflecting the fact of Tujia language's gradual vanishment.

文章以实地个案语言情况调查为基础，从土家语群体在母语能力、语言态度、语言使用、语言选用方面的代际差异来透视土家语濒危现象，旨在反映土家语逐步消亡的事实，剖析土家语衰退的原因，从而透视和反观语言濒危现象。

It has proved that each FPTA-recognizable language and its complement are Buchi recognizable, and the language inclusion problem for FPTA is decidable.

研究了FPTA的接受语言类，证明了FPTA可接受时间语言和其补语言都是Buchi可接受语言，同时证明了有限精度时间自动机的语言包含问题是可判定的。

Four chapters in the first volume, including "The Origin of Movement","Thinking of Effort","Movement Space" and "To Find Body", develop the theoretical structures of body language in western modern dance, analyze elements of movements and their semantic characters, reveal the conceptual transformation in the science of modern human movements and science of body language, and discover the re-interpretation through modern dance about the essence of movement and space and time of movement Another four chapters in the second volume including "Feminized Body""Masculine Body""Sex-confused Body" and "Body's Origin", study respectively features of body language in the field of ballet, modern dance and post-modern dance, provide a chronicle embodying the form variation of body language through lineal comparison, and exposit spiritual pursuit and value preference of modern choreographers and their relationship with history and culture. Therefore, effective body strategy of "Back to Body's Origin" in today's human existence is offered and teaches us how to keep our own national culture in the times of cultural globalization and integration.

前者通过&动作的根源&、&力效思维&、&运动空间&、&发现身体&等4章，展开西方现代舞身体动作语言的理论构架，分析其动作语言要素和语义特征，揭示现代人体动作科学与身体语言科学的观念性变革，发现现代舞蹈对动作本质、运动空间和时间所做出的重新阐释；后者通过&女性化的身体&、&男性化的身体&、&性倒错的身体&及&身体的原点&等4章，研究芭蕾舞、现代舞、后现代舞的身体动作语言形态的各自特征，在纵向比较中，提供身体语言形态的&体现&变异的历史图表，在舞蹈本文的叙述和重新阅读中，提示现代舞蹈家的精神追求与价值取向，揭示其与历史文化之间的对应关系，提供现时代人类生存中所应采取的有效的身体策略——返回身体的原点，在全球文化大交流、大融合之中，保持民族文化的独立品格。

On the other hand, the influence of Absurd drama manifested mainly in the perspective of observing the world in later plays. Absurd drama reveals the uncertainty of the world by the skill of"simile way". Contemporary playwrights draw extensively and broadened the use of"simile way", and create the new simile symbols: anti-classic simile, anti-system simile and anti-meaning simile. At the same time they use a comprehensive simile to create a kind of sensual drama.Absurd drama also destroys the language function of traditional drama by rupture and desegregation, also tends to use "the language of no meaning," to reflect the world's essence. The contemporary generation create a physical theatre to expulse of the role of language. Another extreme is to strengthen language function thus creating a language game.

另一方面，荒诞派戏剧的影响力主要体现在后世剧作对客观世界的认知上：荒诞派通过&直喻&的手法来表现世界不确定性的本质，被后世剧作家广泛借鉴并且拓宽了直喻手法的使用，出现了反经典、反系统和反深度的直喻符号，同时另一个极端则是用剧场性的全面直喻创造了具有震撼力的感官戏剧；荒诞派通过破裂与解体的方法化解了传统戏剧的语言功能，更倾向于用&无义的语言&表达来体现世界的无义，后世剧作家在此基础上索性彻底驱逐了语言的作用从而创造了肢体戏剧，另一个极端则是强化语言功能创造了&语言游戏&。

We propose two new aggregation operators called extended uncertain linguistic aggregation operator and interval linguistic aggregation operator, and then develop an EULA operator-based linguistic approach and an ILA operator-based linguistic approach, respectively, to multiple attribute decision making in uncertain linguistic setting.

介绍了不确定语言变量的运算法则，给出了不确定语言变量之间两两比较的可能度公式，提出了2种新的数据信息集成算子拓展的不确定语言集成算子和区间语言集成算子，并且分别提出了基於EULA算子和基於ILA算子的不确定语言环境下的多属性决策方法。

This essay used semeiology and metaphor theory as well as real examples, to discuss the problem of how the meaning raised from the visual language in the information design, which including two different angles: the structure of visual language, and the pedigree of the visual language itself; and then to discuss the receivability of visual language in the view of language deciphering.

本文应用符号学与隐喻的理论，借助实例从视觉语言的结构关系与视觉语言自身的谱系关系两个角度来分析信息设计中视觉语言的意义产生问题，并从视觉语言的诠释学层面对视觉语言的接受问题进行了研究。

She tells about Victoria's experience living in the building. Here, she explains the language of Sephardic Jews, called Ladino, and sings part of a sad Ladino song: Oh, it's a very mixed up language. It's like a little bit Spanish...we call it Judeo Espagnol...and it's a little bit Turkish, a little bit Hebrew...a lot of languages mixed up all together.

下面，她向我们解释了西班牙系犹太人的语言，这种语言叫拉地诺语，她还给我们唱了一段悲伤的拉地诺语歌曲：&噢，这是一种非常复杂的语言，它有点西班牙口音，我们称之为犹大伊斯帕格尔…，还有一点土耳其口音，还有一点希伯来口音，这是一种有许多语言混合在一起的语言。&

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。