语言

It surveys the sameness and difference of the Topic structure in Chinese and in Japanese from many aspects including the marker of Topic, the non-conventional phenomena in the structure of the Topic, the sentential forms of the Topic in Chinese and English and the relation of the contrast and the Topic.

本文对汉语和日语的话题进行了对比研究，从话题标记的功能、话题结构里的非常规现象、两种语言的话题句式和话题与对比的关系等方面对汉日两种语言的话题进行多方位的考察，探询话题结构在两种语言中的异同。

Series of probing in this direction. Chapter 2 describes the illusion and nirvana of a solipsist.

语言哲学认为应当依赖语言常规来规定人类主体建构，而默多克则指出语言同样可以像描摹人的公开行动一样描绘人的意识世界。

The frames with low and slowly changing average instantaneous frequencies were identified to be the periodic sonant segments and the frames with high average instantaneous frequencies were identified to be the surd segments based on the characteristics of the average instantaneous frequencies of IMFs derived from speech signals.

根据语言信号特定阶IMF平均瞬时频率的特征，将平均瞬时频率低且变化缓慢的语言帧作为周期性强的浊音段，而平均瞬时频率高的语言帧判别为清音段，组合处理后的结果最终得到语音段数据。

In The Big Typescript, this dichotomy is detailed in his analysis of the temporal, spatial and genitive expressions, resulting in the distinction between the unspeakable"memory-time"(Ged〓chtniszeit) and the speakable"physical time", and that between the unspeakable"visual space" and the speakable"Euclidean space", etc;(4) From another perspective, the destruction of the conception of the "phenomenological language"could also be seen as the logical consequence of the radicalization of the one and the same conception, since this destruction does reinforce rather than weaken RLF's original intention of distinguishing the physical system from what are given in phenomena by demonstrating the incompatibility between this intention itself and the insistence on the speakability of the phenomena, which gives birth to the illusion of the"phenomenological language";(5) Nevertheless, what the radical distinction between the sense-data and the physical language (as the unique possible language) implies, according to Wittgenstein, is not that the latter has nothing to do with the former, but that the association between the two does not follow the"original sample-copy"pattern but the"screen-presenting-filmoperation"pattern, which indicates that phenomenon itself can be aroused by or included in-rather than to be described by-the physical language/system;(6) Thus Wittgenstein leads us to depart from the obsolete ambition of representing the immediately given data perfectly for a new destination where a comprehensive "perspicuity" of the"grammar"should be required and where his later philosophy is coming into being.

在《大打字稿》中，这一二分法在他对于时间表达式、空间表达式与人称表达式的分析中得到了细化，并导致了他对于"记忆时间"与"物理时间"的区分，以及对于"视觉空间"与"欧几里得空间"的区分，等等；(4)从另一个视角来看，维氏对于"现象学语言"观念的拆解也可以被视为同一观念在被加以彻底化后所导出的必然后果，因为这一拆解工作实际上乃是加强了，而不是削弱了他在写作《略论逻辑形式》时就已怀有的信念，即：必须将物理系统严格地区分于在现象中被直接给予的东西。换言之，维氏在这一拆解工作中所做的，只不过就是暴露了这一信念本身与对于现象之"可说性"的坚执之间的固有矛盾罢了——而所谓"现象学语言"的幻相，亦正是导源于上述坚执；(5)然而，根据维氏的本意，感觉予料与物理语言之间巨大的逻辑差异却并不意味着后者与前者毫无关联，而只是意味着两者之间的关系并不遵循着所谓的"原本—摹本"模式，而遵循的乃是"屏幕呈现—胶片运作"模式。

Drawing on studies in intercultural communication, applied linguistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse studies and other researches related to the studies of language, culture and communication, the author bases her ideology for interculturalizing ELT in China mainly on three lines of thinking: 1 the perception of language, communication and culture as triunity in language teaching and learning; 2 the understanding of the English teaching/learning process as dialogic interactions between the learner and the culture Other and between their pertaining linguacultures; 3 the rethinking of ELT in China as intercultural literacy education oriented towards intercultural speakership of the learner as a full-fledged member of the global community powered with intercultural communication competence in English.

本研究汲取了跨文化交际学、应用语言学、语用学、社会语言学、语篇分析及其他有关语言、文化和交际的研究成果，作者关于跨文化交际中国英语教学的思想主要建立在以下三个方面的认识：1语言、交际与文化在外语教学中应该被视为三位一体的统一体；2英语教学的过程是学习者与文化他者之间、以及他们各自相关的语言-文化之间对话性互动的过程；3中国英语教学应该是跨文化素质教育的重要组成部分和手段，其终极目标是把学生培养成为具有英语跨文化交际能力、在国际社会交往中运用自如、羽翼丰满的跨文化人。

Then a brief comment is presented on its interrelations with psycholinguistics and forensic psychology in order to clarify the orientation and reveal its specialness and the necessity of its development.

然后对法律语言心理学与心理语言学的关系以及与法律心理学的关系做出简略的评论，以阐明法律语言心理学的学科定位，证明法律语言心理学的独特性及学科发展的必要性。

The paper puts forward a new perspective in language study, that is, using sociolinguistic theories and methods to investigate Ba-Shu language, covering pronunciation, vocabulary, speech island, speech community, literature text pragmatics, etc., to form a new study system of Ba-Shu language.

本文旨在倡导一种语言研究的视角和方法，即用社会语言学的理论和研究手段去观察巴蜀地域的语言－诸如方音、词汇、方言岛、言语社区、文学文本作品语用等的演变，以此构建全新的巴蜀语言研究体系。

It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state,

这个列表包括所有官方语言，无论它是在全国范围通用的还是仅仅是在一个小地区通行，也不论它是主要语言还是少数民族语言。

It was written in a language more in keeping with that spoken by the people than the stilted and artificial "classical" language of the court.

它所使用的是一种与人们所使用的语言更贴近的语言写成，而不是用那种宫廷使用的带有虚饰和做作的"古典"语言写成的。

Due to the efforts of McCarthy(1962), Landin(1964), Strachey(1996), Wegner(1968), and others who provided insight into operational models of computation. We can now evaluate programming languages in terms of an unifying view of computation structures. Semantics and the expressive power resulting from modularity can now be studied in terms of the data structures and the accessing paths to them established during the execution of the control statements of the language.

通过 McCarthy(1962)、 Landin(1964)、 Strachey(1996)、 Wegner(1968)和其他对计算的操作模型深入考查的人们的努力，现在我们正以统一的计算结构观点来评价程序设计语言，可以通过数据结构以及在执行语言语句时建立的访问路径，来研究语言和模块化导出的表达能力。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。