语言

These three compilers stand for the most prevalent trend of the software development.Other compiling and developing environment such as Boland C++,can also be brought into the courses to get better teaching effect. C Program design ; Quality Education ; Experimentation ; Teaching Reform and Innovation

C程序设计》课程以C语言为核心，不论是我们日常交流的自然语言，还是高级程序设计语言之一的C语言，无不都是为满足特定环境下的使用应运而生的。C语言作为结构化的程序设计语言，既适合于开发系统程序，又适合开发应

It can be concluded from the above analysis that at the beginning of language, simple linguistic signs, coming from sound imitation, natural exclamation and morphological stimulation, took a strong feature of iconicity, while arbitrariness still existed to a little extent. With time going by, the primitives had to create more linguistic signs to meet their needs of survival and development, so that they arbitrarily related the sound patterns and concepts to conventionalize them as linguistic signs adopted in the whole society. During this period of time, arbitrariness played a more important role, while iconicity still worked as phenomena of phonaesthesia designate. With society developing, human beings found that it was not enough to create new signs at will, so they began to make use of some principles like compound, derivation, etc. to form new linguistic signs, either simple or complex. The linguistic signs formed during this period of time always took a better disguise to be iconic, while no one until now could defuse the contributions of arbitrariness of their formation. From the above investigations, it can be seen that arbitrariness and iconicity interact in the whole process of language development at the level of lexicon. If there were no arbitrariness, human language could not expand at the very beginning.

因此可做如下推论：在语言产生之初，简单语言符号的产生常常都是有理据的、象似的，但是仍不排除任意性的作用；后来有理据的词无法满足人们生存和发展的要求，人们开始任意地连接声音形象和概念，并约定俗成获得语言符号，此时任意性起主导作用，但是象似性在音义关系中对语言符号的产生起着不可否认的作用；随着社会的发展，人们发现这些词已经不再能满足需要，而创造更多的词也不是很可能，所以人们开始采用一些构词法来创造新的语言符号，此时产生的语言符号往往更具象似性，但其核心仍然是任意的。

This paper, through the analysis of The Dream Of Red Mansion from the linguistic angle,draws three inspirations from it:1,literature is the art of language and language is the fundament of literature;2,language must be the carrier of active imagination and vivid dcscription and a variety of expression which is thc basic princip1c of art;and 3,language which is impetuous in reality has to find its home,its destination...

《红楼梦》的艺术特色并不乏例证，从语言的角度对《红楼梦》的分析中，得到了三个启示，一是文学是语言的艺术，语言是文学艺术的生命，二是语言必须是想象飞腾，刻镂有形的载体，语言表达形式的多样性和丰富性是成为艺术源泉的基本要求，三是语言在现实的表现是浮燥，必须在不朽的名著中寻找归宿和真谛。

Holistic naturalism is the theoretic prerequisite of Quine's theory of linguisticrelativity,from which Quine advances a serial of indeterminacy theses and doctrines andshows the relativity of language:the doctrine of underdetermination of theory showsthe relativity of whole describing of language;the thesis of indeterminacy of translationshows the relativity of linguistic paraphase;the doctrine of inscrutability of referenceshows the relativity of linguistic reference;the transformation of ontology shows thereducibility of ontology in the language.

奎因语言相对性理论的哲学前提是整体论自然主义，正是由此出发奎因阐发了一系列的不确定性论题，展现了语言的相对性：理论的不完全决定性学说表明了语言整体描述的相对性；翻译的不确定性学说表明了语言解释的相对性；指称的不可测知性学说表明了语言指称的相对性；本体论的变换表明了语言中本体论的可化约性。

CPL language based on ALGOL 60 close to the hardware, but relatively large scale, it is difficult to achieve. University of Cambridge in 1967 of the Matin Richards made to simplify the language of CPL, the introduction of the BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) language. In 1970 the United States Ken Thompson of Bell Labs to the basis of language BCPL, but also further simplified the design of a very simple hardware and is very close to the B language and language with B first UNIX operating system, the PDP-7 to achieve.

CPL语言在ALGOL 60的基础上接近了硬件一些，但规模比较大，难以实现。1967年英国剑桥大学的Matin Richards对 CPL语言作了简化，推出了BCPL（Basic Combined Programming Language）语言。1970年美国贝尔实验室的 Ken Thompson以 BCPL语言为基础，又作了进一步简化，设计出了很简单的而且很接近硬件的 B语言（取 BCPL的第一个字母），并用 B语言写第一个UNIX操作系统，在PDP-7上实现。

Tsou people is minority on the ragged edge. This study investigated Tsou language use and language ability by sociolinguistic methods. In the result, well known process of vanishing language were uncovered for Tsou language usage. 1 borrowing words, 2 incomplete bilingual, 3 the language cann't be handed down from generation to generation, and 4 unbalanced bilingual community and language competition.

邹语是伫危险边缘的一今少数民族语言，这篇研究用社会语言学的方法调查邹族的语言使用和语言能力，结果显示邹族的语言使用已经出现「消失中语言」的成分，包含：1字语的借用；2无完整的双语情形；3语言无法度传hōo面后一代；4无平衡的双语群体kap语言面顶的竞争。

Because the investigation of natural language had shown that we could construct successfully semantical antinomy in any semantically closed language,Tarski thought that the definition of truth in a fomalized language could be only constructed in its metalanguage.

塔斯基发现，在一个语言内部定义该语言的"真"必然导致该语言具有语义封闭性，而对日常语言的分析已经表明，在任意一个具有语义封闭性的语言中都可以成功地构造出语义悖论，因此，形式语言的真句子定义只能在其元语言中得到。

Second, the substitution of phonemic loans with semantic loans in the three decades after 1949 is largely prompted by the legitimizing linguistic-cultural identity on the undesirability of phonemic loans.

合法性的语言文化认同对语言政策的实施有促进作用；拒斥性的语言文化认同可能导致语言冲突，也可能有助于某一语言文化的维护；计划性语言文化认同则可能导致原有语言消亡。

From the cognitive perspective, this part also examines the logic evidence for discriminating metalanguage and object language. Additionally, tracing back to its origin, the metalinguistic theory can be divided into the formalized and the one of natural language As a conclusion, this chapter will point out three orientations to the study of linguistic metalanguage The second chapter tries to retrospect to the origin of the theory and find the prototype for the pairs of metalanguage and object language, on which according to this chapter, modern mathematics and modern logic have key effects. In fact, mathematician, philosopher and logician B Russell and G. Frege discriminated metalanguage from object language.

作为方法论原则的元语言理论》是一篇着重从方法论原则的角度探讨元语言理论的博士学位论文，本文在现代语言学和语言学史的理论和方法指导下，通过对元语言这一现代哲学、现代语言学共同关注的重大课题的梳理，旨在系统阐释哲学和语言学领域的元语言的概念、特性和内容，明确哲学和语言学的元语言理论之间的关联与分野，真正把元语言和对象语言这一对范畴纳入语言学研究视野，从形式研究、功能研究和语用的角度阐述其方法论的意义和内容，并将这一方法论原则运用到汉语修辞现象分析中，提出&元语辞格&说。

Centering on the general topic of new verse language there are three basic problems that cannot be avoided: 1 Language resources: how to seek the inherent resources of language for new verse in the dilemma of vernacular and Europeanized speech; 2 Quality of language: how to find "base material" that can promote self generation and renewal of language for new verse from the classics and pre...

围绕着中国新诗语言这一总的论题，有三个难以绕开的基本问题：第一，就新诗语言资源而言，如何在白话与欧化的历史两难处境中寻求适于新诗语言的内在资源；第二，就新诗语言质地而言，如何在古典与现代的现实张力中，在二者的差异性和延续性中摸索到促动新诗语言自我生成和更新的&基质&；第三，就新诗语言风格而言，如何在实行对口语与书面语的双重超越后，构建符合新诗语言特性的多样化风格。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。