语言

This article analyzes the influence of this trichotomy on the philosophy and logic of language in detail,and on top of this,illustrates the significance of 'pragmatics turn' in the fields of theoretic...

本文详细分析符号学三分法对语言哲学和语言逻辑的影响，并特别阐明语用学转向对理论语言学、语言哲学和语言逻辑的意义。

The impossibility of translation, that is, the untranslatability of a text, is evidenced by translation itself.

这个悖论与语言的问题相偶合：即语言的不可言说性是通过语言来证明的；同理，翻译所揭示的问题也不是翻译本身的问题，而是语言问题。

The performance of the uncivilized and unstandard language mainly has two aspects: Firstly, the language is vulgar, namely the language is used vulgarly, and people pursue the vulgar interest and so on. Second, the language is not standard in use.

语言不文明不规范的表现主要有两方面：一是语言粗俗，即语言使用上的粗鄙、庸俗以及追求低级趣味等；二是语言的不规范使用。

Wilga Rivers defines interaction as Through interaction, students can increase their language store as they listen to or read authentic linguistic material, or even the output of their fellow students in discussions , skits , joint problem—solving tasks, or dialogue journals.

Wilga Rivers把交互定义为：通过交互，当学生听或读真实的语言材料时，能增加他们的语言储备，甚至是同伴的讨论﹑幽默短剧﹑共同解决任务﹑对话等的语言输出也能增加他们的语言储备。

As one of the four language skills for communication, writing can help students master language effectively and reflect students'integrated language level.

作为语言交际重要基本技能之一的写作，可以有效地促进语言知识的内化，培养学生使用语言的能力，清楚反映学生的综合语言水平。

At present, the difficulty in sustaining language diversity focuses on the energy-decaying languages, so how to research amort languages of different degrees with wider eyeshots is not only useful for sustaining language species but also of great contribution to culture diversity.

目前，保持语言种类多样性的难点，更多地集中在那些语言活力开始衰退的语种上，如何以更广阔的视野对程度不同的濒危语言进行研究，不仅有利于语言种类的保持，也是对文化多样性的贡献。

I still remember a cold evening in 2003's winter,when the snowflake was blusterous in the sky,and when the road was much pale owning to the ice on the ground, and I had only two choices in front of me,going abroad or pursuing a postgraduate degree,maybe others didn't know my suffering,but I did,for my English was so poor that whichever I chose ,it would not be avail for me at last,I participated in a series of English classes,reading and writing all day long,I was very sorry that I had troubled too many friends, as a result ,I could simply communite with our foreign professor,but the problem was not simple,I got a low mark in my Toefl test,thanked to the language class in the school abroad,I arrived at Quebec three monthes later,my first impression about this city was cold, since my hometown is located in the south of the Yangtze River, I have to imagine what does the 'heavy snow' mean cause there are always snowing lightly,to my surprise,almost half a year it was heavy snowing in the city,and it did really satisfy my desire about the snow,furthermore,we also had a long holiday,when I got there,most of my classmates were prepared for their vacation ,so I could asked for help from the senior, maybe I was not tall but sometimes the snow on the ground was taller than me,actually ,I had a good time when I stayed with my friends for we have a common language named chinese,the language class was simple for me,but the teacher was serious,whether you passed the course or not was depended on her, so you'd better don't offend her,thank godness, I passed this class at first time after a few monthes,then began with the other courses,it was said that chinese students abroad was the most assiduous in the world,and that was ture,usually,we didn't have a strong suit in the ability of a foreign language,since it asked for some understanding in our course,so I had to borrowed the note from others when I first went to class,how times fly,my GPA first was above 4.0 at that time,I phoned my relations,telling them I was okey there,but in the first evening of that holiday,a fire broke out in our dorm,I couldn't find my passport after the incident,though most of our res were moved outside,maybe it was burnt out or was lost at somewhere,but it told me that I couldn't stay longer in this city,we comforted each other for a while,''Goodbye!

雪花在2003年一个寒冷的夜空中无情的肆虐着，回家的大道被雪映的煞白，而摆在我面前的却只有两条窄窄的小路，考研，出国，也许别人不会知道我的痛苦，可是我清楚，其实我的英语很烂，现在不管选那个，好像对我都不利，我疯狂的去参加一Qy系列的英语辅导班，从早到晚大声的阅读，没天没地的做题目，以致招来了很多非议，感觉可以和外教简单交流了，可是我的托福成绩还是不堪入目，不过好在那边学校开了语言课，所以三个月后，我还是顺利来到了加拿大的魁北克省，那里给我的第一感觉就是一个字'冷'，我们江南一般下小雪，大雪是什么只能靠想像了，不过那边将近有大半年的时间都在下大雪，让我这个雪盲好好过了一把雪瘾，不过假期也长，我去的时候大多已不上课了，所以可以找到学姐，学兄，也许是我的个子不太高，不过积雪有时完全可以把我湮没，和他们在一起感觉很亲切，很开心，也许我们在一起都说汉语吧，语言课是比较简单的，不过老师很变态，她说行才行，不行你就是行也不行，所以这个老师是绝对不能得罪的，学了很长一段时间，语言考试通过了，就可以正常上课了，呵呵，都说中国留学生最刻苦了，不苦行么，我们语言能力一般都不是强项，加上课程需要一些理解的能力，初次去听课，不借阅他人的笔记是绝对不行的，时间总是晃的很快，那次的GPA成绩第一次超过了4.0，打了电话回家，报了平安，可是假期的第一个晚上就发生了一些小小的意外，一把无名火把我们住的地方烧了，当时东西都搬出来了，好在没有损失什么，可是后来检查了一下，我的护照怎么都找不到了，也许是烧了吧，也是是掉了，反正这件事也告诉了我，魁北克我是待不长了，朋友们在一起相互惋惜了一阵。

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

There are still theoretical blanks to fill. Therefore, the present study focuses on the Internet language and the conceptual framework is constructed on the basis of Jef Verschuerens (2000) Linguistic Adaptation Theory.

因此，本文以网络语言为研究对象，以国际语用学会秘书长耶夫·维索尔伦(2000)的语言顺应论为理论框架，研究方法是基于语料的定性研究，旨在证明该理论是否对网络语言有较强的解释力，即网络语言是否具有顺应性。

First step is to summarize the characteristics of metalanguage as well as the current research achievements of the metalinguistic theory and to clarify the signification of "methodological principle" by defining and discriminating several terms such as metalanguage, object language and language.

作为方法论原则的元语言理论西方20世纪的现代语言学在科学方法论研究上取得了丰硕的成果，其中语言和言语、元语言和对象语言的区分是其重要内容之一。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。