语源的

Originated from the Germany-based functionalist approach developed by Katharina Reiss in the 1970s, Skopostheorie is fathered by Reiss's action-theory-versed disciple Hans Vermeer who lays the foundation stone by defining translation as a kind of purposeful action.

目的论发轫于德国，其雏形是凯塞林娜·赖斯于20世纪70年代提出的功能翻译理论，赖斯的学生汉斯·威密尔从行为学的角度出发，跳出了传统译论单纯以源语为中心的窠臼，认为翻译是人类有目的的行为，创立了功能派的奠基理论：翻译的目的论。

Domesticating translation through finding similar memes the target culture is helpful to the reader in understanding means of an alien culture,reduplicating an imperative way to copy the meme, while alienating translation is the trend of translation for the sake of faithfully copying the meme complex of the original culture.

由归化翻译和异化翻译与模因传播的关系得出：归化翻译通过在本国文化中寻找相似的模因有助于读者理解异域模因，而忠实复制源语文化综合体的异化翻译是模因传播的要求与趋势。

Domestication refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers, while foreignization designates the type of translation in which a target text deliberately breaks targetconventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the "original" Venuti,an Italian American translation theorist, defines foreignization as "an ethno deviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the readers abroad", and domestication as "an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values, bringing the author of the source language into the target language culture".

驯化是指翻译其中一个透明的策略，行文采用以减少对国外陌生的语言文字为目标读者而异化翻译类中指定对象文故意有所保留的休息targetconventions 外地人的&原始&·韦努蒂，意大利美国翻译理论家，异化定义为&民族的价值观偏差的压力登记的外国语言和文化差异文送国外读者&、驯化作为&种族文本对象减少外国语言文化价值观，作者把源语到目标语的文化&。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。