语法意义

The division of theme and rheme in system functional grammar has great significance in the study on sentence function.

系统功能语法中句子主、述位的划分对研究句子成分的功能具有重要意义。

The profound deductive basis greatly strengthens the operationality, computability, and logical necessity of TLG, and thus efficiently excludes the unreasonable stipulatory practice (such as the stipulation of transformational rules in Transformational Generative Grammar) in the study of natural language.

类型-逻辑语法通过语义类型的媒介作用，把句法范畴同与之具有相同语义类型的λ-词项关联起来，每一条句法规则都对应于一条语义规则，句法和语义同时生成，从而实现了其句法理论和语义理论的完全同构对应，严格遵循了意义组合原则。

He promised not to tell anyone else about it. To treat comrades like enemies is to go over to the side of the enemy. The manager announced his intention to retire. The old man walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.

作状语 不定式中的动词仍然具有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语和状语，另外虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的主语，但它所表达的意义是动作，这一动作的执行者就是该动词的逻辑主语，动词不定式要和它的逻辑主语在语态和时态上保持一致。

2 Aids to Interpretation In these Terms and Conditions and in the Contract Details, unless the contrary intention appears; words denoting the singular include the plural and vice versa; a reference to any one of an individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, authority, trust or government includes any other of them; the headings are for convenience only and do not affect interpretation; a reference to any instrument (such as a deed, agreement or document) is to that instrument (or, if required by the context, to a part of it) as amended, notated, substituted or supplemented at any time and from time to time; a reference to a Party is a reference to a party to the Agreement and includes that Party's executors, administrators, successors and permitted assigns; a reference to a clause or attachment is to a clause (including sub-clause, paragraph, sub-paragraph or further subdivision of a clause) or attachment of or to these Terms and Conditions; a reference to any legislation or legislative provision includes any statutory modification or re-enactment of, or substitution for, and any subordinate legislation under, that legislation or legislative provision; where an expression is defined, another part of speech or grammatical form of that expression has a corresponding meaning; a reference to "US$" or "US Dollars" is a reference to the currency of the United States of America.

1.2艾滋病的解释在这些条款和条件，并在合同中的细节，除非相反的意图似乎；的话指的奇异包括复数，反之亦然；提及的任何一个个人，公司，合伙，合营，协会，主管部门或政府的信任，包括任何其他人；标题只是为了方便起见，并且不影响解释；一个参考的任何文书，是该文书的（或者，如果所要求的背景下，一个它的一部分）修订， notated ，取代或补充，在任何时间，从不时；一个参考一党是一个参考，以协议的当事方和包括党的执行者，管理者，继承人和允许的受让人；一个参考的条款或附件，是一条第（包括子第，段，分段或进一步细分的一个条款），或扣押，或这些条款和条件；一提到任何立法或立法条文包括任何法定修改或重新制定的，或替代，以及任何附属法例下，即立法或立法条文；在1表达的定义是，另一部分言论或语法形式的表达有一个相应的意义；中提到&美元&或&美元&是一个参考的货币美利坚合众国。

the paper argues that appraisal theory,based on systemic functional grammar,is practice-oriented and gives its unique guidance to spoken english teaching.attitude expands ways to express speakers' emotions.engagement,through which speakers negotiate their responsibility,manifests their different involvement of utterances.graduation,the indication of degree of attitude and engagement,enables addressers to employ meanings of different layers to achieve communicative ends.

摘 要：本文认为以系统功能语法为理论基础的评价理论注重实际应用，它对英语口语教学具有独到的指导意义。态度次系统拓宽情感的表达方式。介入次系统体现说话者对于话语的不同参与方式，通过介入，说话者调节自己所担的责任。级差次系统表达态度或介入的程度，它指导说者如何运用不同层次的语言资源实现交际目的。

This paper discusses buguo in Mandarin Chinese as a verb phrase meaning "not surpass", as an adverb meaning "only", as a post-adjective clitic denoting highest degree, and as an adversative conjunction.

一、&不过&的形式和意义本文以不过为例，说明&足量准则&和&不过量准则&的分工合作和互相制约是语法化和词汇化①的重要原因。

This part deal with the question from the perspectives of lexical-grammatical category, the category of gender, number and case, the emotional meaning of nouns, concept superordinates and hyponyms, social cultural factors and context.

在这一部分中，笔者从词汇—语法类别、名词的性、数、格范畴、名词的情感意义、种概念和类概念、社会文化因素及语境等方面剖析了名词的有无标记性。

It proposes that the cohesive force between lexical items is determined by their relatedness both in vocabulary and in the text, that the cohesive scope of lexical items is usually larger than that of grammatical items,and that,so far as lexical cohesion is concerned, all forms of a lexeme have the same cohesive value as the base word.

指出：词项之间的衔接力是由它们在意义上和篇章中的接近程度决定的；就衔接范围而言，词汇衔接手段比语法衔接手段大；在词汇衔接中，同一词根的派生词衔接作用基本相同。词汇衔接关系是篇章构成的重要一环，它往往反映出篇章语义层上的事件线和参与者线，同时也揭示出篇章的主题。

To classify metonymies, it is necessary to take into account two criteria, the degree of genericity and the ontological nature of domains, according to which metonymies can be classified into two kinds, high-level metonymies and low-level metonymies.

关于转喻的分类，本文提出两个标准，类属程度和认知域的本体特征。根据这两个标准，转喻可简约地分为高层转喻与低层转喻。高层转喻直接利用类属ICM进行映射，影响语言结构，从这层意义上说，它是语法转喻。

Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.

自由语素是能独立运用的语素，它有完整的意义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。