语法性

The preordained frangibility of the hymen: the presupposed intangibility of the thing in itself: the incongruity and disproportion between the selfprolonging tension of the thing proposed to be done and the selfabbreviating relaxation of the thing done; the fallaciously inferred debility of the female: the muscularity of the male: the variations of ethical codes: the natural grammatical transition by inversion involving no alteration of sense of an aorist preterite proposition (parsed as masculine subject, monosyllabic onomatopoeic transitive verb with direct feminine object) from the active voice into its correlative aorist preterite proposition (parsed as feminine subject, auxiliary verb and quasimonosyllabic onomatopoeic past participle with complementary masculine agent) in the passive voice: the continued product of seminators by generation: the continual production of semen by distillation: the futility of triumph or protest or vindication: the inanity of extolled virtue: the lethargy of nescient matter: the apathy of the stars.

671处女膜先天的脆弱性，物体本身预先假定的不可触性。为了达到目的而自我延长的那份紧张以及完成之后的自我缩短与松弛，这二者之间既不调和也不均衡。女性之虚弱及男性之强韧乃基于谬误的臆测。道德的准则是可变的。自然的语法转换：在不引起意思变动的情况下，由主动语态不定过去式命题（从语法上分析：男性主语，单音节拟声及物动词，女性直接宾语）转位到相关的被动语态不定过去式命题：3）（从语法上分析：女性主语，助动词与准单音节拟声过去分词，男性主动补语）。借着生殖，不断地生产播种者们。借着酿造来连续地生产精液。胜利也罢，抗议也罢，复仇也罢，都是徒劳的。对贞操的颂扬煞是无聊。无知觉的物质毫无生气。星辰之情感淡漠。

In these portion,the article begins the study of tone sandhi from the point view of two-character phrases and three-character phrases,which is also the focus and difficult point as well.On the basis of substantial materials of Dingzhou dialect,the author elaborates its rules and principles of tone sandhi of the general phrases and those with light tones,and reiterative location.the author puts his views as follows: 1.The rules of tone sandhi of two- character phrase are simple and unitive. 2.The complex of the phrase with light tones lies in the combination of the first tone and light tone.In the case,there are two different pronunciations in Dingzhou dialect.The author guesses it is the coexist of ancient pronunciations and common spoken Chinese. 3.The tone sandhi of general three-character phrases on the basis of the rules of that of two- character phrases,using the grammar structure of the three-character phrases as the restricted conduction,which function jointly. 4.The rules of tone sandhi of three- character phrases with light tones are restricted only by that of the two- character phrases with light tones and thus are foreign to grammar structure. 5.The tone sandhi of the words with reiterative location has their own system.

这两章中，作者采用直接调查法，社会语言学方法分别从一般字组、含轻声字组和叠音词字组三个方面对定州方言连读变调进行详尽地描写，文章中既有对连读变调的共时性描写，也有对连读变调历时性推测，总的来讲笔者认为定州方言变调具有一定的系统性，主要表现在以下几个方面：两字组连读变调规律简单统一，含轻声字两字组内部规律较为复杂，但是具有很强的一致性；定州方言含轻声两字组变调的复杂性主要表现在阴平+轻声的组合中，在这种情况下，定州方言有两种读音方式，推测它是语音存古现象和普通话语音并存的结果；一般三字组连读变调以两字组连读变调规律为基础，以三字组的语法结构为制约条件，二者共同发生作用；轻声三字组变调规律只受轻声两字组变调规律的制约，与语法结构无关；叠音词的变调规律自成系统。

Semicolon problem comes out from Ecmascript standard inner tube actually, the context that inserted semicolon principle automatically in Es standard to break grammar has nothing to do quality, so implementation rises very troublesome have 3 kinds of means of settlements: 1, completely handwritten Parser2, modification grammar (in regarding terminative Fu Fang as to enter generation type line feed accord with), this kind of method is the most troublesome 3, modification ParserGenerator produces a mistake to restore code, whether is be being judged when encountering solecism caused in the absense of semicolon, whether to if be,satisfy in judgement insert semicolon principle (if encounter right big bracket or line feed) it is the most convenient that implementation of the 3rd kind of method rises, but the Parser support mistake that needs ParserGenerator generation restores.

分号问题其实是从Ecmascript标准里带出来的，es标准中的自动插入分号原则打破了语法的上下文无关性，所以实现起来很麻烦有三种解决方法：1，完全手写Parser2，修改语法（把换行符作为终结符放入产生式中），这种办法最麻烦3，修改ParserGenerator产生错误恢复代码，在遇到语法错误时判断是否是由于缺少分号引起的，如果是在判断是否满足插入分号原则（如遇到右大括号或者换行）第三种办法实现起来是最方便的，但是需要ParserGenerator产生的Parser支持错误恢复。

Chapter One of this dissertation deals with the UG theory, the logical problems of language acquisition and three hypotheses concerning the role of UG in L2 acquisition; Chapter Two interprets English and Chinese wh-questions, wh-movement as well as the principles of Subjacency and the ECP; Chapter Three reviews the main studies on wh-movement constraint in L2 acquisition in the past two decades; Chapter Four concerns the research methodology adopted in this study; Chapter Five involves collection, analysis and discussion of the data obtained in the GJ Task; Chapter Six is the conclusions.

等等。本文的第一章主要介绍普遍语法理论、普遍语法和二语习得的关系以及前人对普遍语法可及性的三种假设；第二章解释英语和汉语特殊疑问句、疑问词移动以及界限原则和空语类原则规律；第三章回顾前人对母语为汉语的人习得英语时对疑问词移动限制的可及性研究并提出本次研究的假设；第四章主要介绍本次研究的方法；第五章主要涉及研究中的数据收集、分析和讨论；第六章是研究的结论。

First, some researchers still put emphasis on grammatical descriptions of the evidential systems in some highly-inflectional languages. Second, the researches seem to be confined to the lexis and clausal level, and the study of evidentiality at discourse and genre level is much less than enough. In addition, the review of the research on English RAs has shown that few systematic researches on evidentiality in academic discourse have been conducted. Third, there are few researches on what evidentiality can do for language users and especially on the interpersonal functions of evidentiality.

目前的言据性研究主要集中于以下几个方面：1有些研究者仍然把重点放在一些屈折性语言的据素的语法描写上，而这种语法描写只是问题的一个方面，而且对于英语这样非屈折性语言，对据素的语法描写似乎并没有实际意义。2对言据性的研究大多都还停留在词汇和句子层面，在语篇和语类的层面的研究并不充分，尤其对学术语篇中言据性系统性的研究寥寥。3对言据性在语篇中的人际功能的研究很少。

The paper probed into the grammaticalized process of the prefix A- and some related problems on typology and gained several breakthroughs such as putting forward a new conception of "historical levels" on grammaticaliztion and the "unidirectionality", discussing some generant universals on the language's origin and change, recognizing the roles of the unique small contexts acted on the grammaticalization and the broadening process of grammatical rules, realizing the necessity of combination of researches on historical grammar and on Chinese etymology.

论文进而在更高的层次上对阿缀的语法化和相关类型学问题进行理论提炼与总结，取得了若干突破，如提出语法化研究中的历时层次与非单向性问题、语言起源发展的发生学共性问题，认识到独特小语境在语法化和语法规则泛化中的作用、语法史研究与汉语词源学研究结合的必要性等。

Findings of the study support liang's conclusion that the probability-based tagger is more viable and less affected by the proficiency level of the learners. besides, the taggers are also examined for their ability to handle spoken features in the texts. it is revealed that pauses, repetitions and sentence fragments in learners' transcribed spoken data seriously affect the performance of the rule-based tagger.

研究结果与梁茂成对中国学生书面语赋码准确率的考察结果基本一致，基于概率的词性赋码器更适用于为学习者口语语料进行自动赋码，赋码准确率较高且性能稳定，其赋码准确率受学习者口语语言水平影响不大，而基于规则的词性赋码器受学习者语言水平和口语特征（停顿、重复、缺乏语法性等）的影响较大。

On the subject of alternative syntaxes, it is important to make a distinction between a replacement syntax and multiple syntaxes.

在多种语法选择的问题上，区别替代性语法和多元化语法至关重要。

We propose the Revised Coordinate Constituent Constraint to predict the grammaticality of parallel coordinate structures in the framework of transformational grammar.

在转换语法的框架下，本文用修订的并列成分限制条件去预测平行并列结构的语法性。

The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, that is its grammatical well-formedness.

句子的语法意义指的是它的语法性，即语法合法性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。