语义等价

These rules describe the equational semantics of FOPL and are the basis of type checking and program proof system creating.

第四章主要讨论了FOPL类型系统的附类型规则、纯洁性规则和表达式等价规则，从而给出了FOPL的方程语义的描述。

By proving the simulator-based and comparison-based definitions of semantic security both equivalent to the indistinguishability we obtain the equivalence of the two definitions. This conflicts with the conclusion of Watanabe, et al. The reason lies in that in the simulation-based definition they used, the adversary and its simulator are allowed to choose by themselves the auxiliary partial information about the plaintext to be input, which results in that the information chosen by them can be different.

该结论与Watanabe等人的结论相悖，原因在于他们采用的基于模拟器的语义安全性定义中允许敌手及其模拟器自己选择其输入的有关明文的附加部分信息，导致敌手模拟器与敌手选择的可能不同，使得该定义不等价于不可区分性，与公认的结论不符。

These knowledge granules are obtained according to equivalence relation in essence, it is possible there exist attributes which contain preference order relation among their values and correlate semantically with other attributes.

这些知识粒子的实质是根据存在于属性值间的等价关系得到的，而事实上可能存在某些属性，其属性值内部存在序关系，与其它某属性间存在语义关系，这样的属性称为标准。

In order to improve the expression capability and the performance ofthe graph transformation in applying to software evolution, a softwareevolution operation description language SEOL (Software EvolutionOperation Language) is proposed, and the structured operational semantics on SEOL is studied, and then the semantic equivalence analysismethod about software evolution operation is described. To the SEOLexpression, the dissertation builds the corresponding processingmechanisms, which include the basic principles and the processing flow,and discusses the graph transformation description in SEOL.

为提高图变换在软件演化应用中的表达能力和处理性能，结合谓词逻辑，论文提出了软件演化操作描述语言SEOL(SoftwareEvolution Operation Language)，研究了SEOL语言的结构化操作语义，指出了软件演化操作语义等价的分析方法，针对SEOL语言表达式，构建了相应的处理机制，包括处理的基本原理和处理流程，讨论了图变换操作的SEOL描述。

This paper present the meaning of semantic equivalence and Herbrand equivalence based upon denotational sematics with concrete programming language.Herbrand equivalence is weaker than Semantic equivalence, it has much wider utility.

从指称语义出发，结合具体语言，用形式化的方法讨论了语义等价和H-等价。H-等价的判定条件相对来说更容易得到满足，具有更广泛的可用性。

The traditional query tree optimization methods,parallel database optimization methods based on left linear trees and right linear trees,bushy trees,and operation of the forest,have their own pros and cons,they have been more in-depth and maturity of the study.The query optimization method based on multiple weighted tree has studied its model of parallel query plan,its complexity model of parallel query plan and query optimization algorithms.The semantic query method transforms an inquiry into one or several semantic equivalence inquiries then has to find and implement a strategy to achieve a better query.Agent-based parallel database query optimization using Multi-Agent technology to automatically search the integrity constraint conditions which are related to the determined query,there for,the efficiency between several relations' joins has been greatly improved.The parallel optimization algorithm,based on genetic algorithm which is suitable for multi-joins of cluster environment,has deeply studied the relations storage options,multi-joins query optimization and query processing and other key technologies based on cluster parallel database.

传统的查询树优化方法，即基于左线性树、右线性树、浓密树、操作森林的并行数据库查询优化方法，各有优劣，对其的研究比较深入、成熟；基于多重加权树的查询优化方法，研究了其并行查询计划模型、并行查询计划的复杂性模型和查询优化算法；语义查询优化方法将一个查询变换成一个或数个语义等价的查询，进而寻找并执行这些等价查询中具有较好实现策略的一个；基于Agent的并行数据库查询优化采用Multi-Agent技术自动查找与给定查询有关的完整性约束条件，使得多个关系间连接操作的效率得到很大的提高；基于遗传算法的并行优化算法，深入研究了基于机群并行数据库中关系存储的选择、多连接查询优化和查询处理等关键技术。

The author constructed a linear schemes type Region-Project-Join-Normal-Form based on lossless join decomposition, and gave the form of RPJNF through the presentation of equivalence between semantic variable independence and syntax variable independence under finite precision domain. Some other new constraint data dependencies including partitioned multi-region existence dependency and single region existence dependency were also presented. A result of variables set under linear transformation was discussed.

文中给出并证明了多区域存在依赖满足的几条推理规则；提出并证明了线性序约束关系进行模式无损连接分解的充要条件是变量集满足变量独立和多区域存在依赖；设计了一种基于模式无损连接分解的区域投影连接范式；通过证明有限精度域上语义变量独立和语法变量独立的等价性，给出有限精度域上RPJ范式的表达形式。

We prove the equivalence of coloured petri net and extented coloured petri net in teachability space.

针对有色Petri网在建模能力方面的限制进行若干扩展，提出了一种扩展有色Pertri网，增加了容量限制及阈值弧函数，这将丰富CPN模型的语义，增强CPN对系统的描述能力，有助于大型复杂系统的建模，在此基础上证明了ECPN与CPN从可达空间的角度来说两者之间的等价性。

Since structural descriptions can be flatted into equivalent behavioral ones, we concentrate on the semantics of behavioral descriptions and the implementation thereof.

由于结构描述可以最终展成行为等价的行为描述，本文集中探讨了VHDL行为描述的语义及其实现，介绍了作者在完成编译实现的VHDL模拟系统这一工作时所基于的想法和采用的方案，主要包括以下几个方面： 1。

For the single agent case, a fixed-point semantics which can be translated to the answer set semantics of the general logic program is given and is proved equivalent to the complete Bonatti stable set.

对于单主体的情形，给出了一种不动点语义，证明了它和完全Bonatti稳定集等价，并可以转化为扩展逻辑程序的回答集语义。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。