语义地

The paper attempts to propose a more powerful explanatory model of semantic domain theory by conflation of both metaphor semantic domain and Merleau-Ponty ' s semantic domain theory.

本文在分析 Lakoff 和Johnson的隐喻语义域和Merleau-Ponty的语义域理论基础上，有机地溶合了心理空间和概念整合理论的观点，提出了一个解释力较强的语义域理论。

Though the concept of ontology is still in disputation,its application in knowledge and information has already leaped forward.

语义网的出现将改变这种状况，简单地说，语义网就是机器可以理解的信息，是数据网或全球性的数据库。

Apparently, the evolution have generated the situation of the separation of monosyllabic form and disyllabic form, and thus generated the form system of direction words. The totally different paralleling dual system is the basis of the later evolution. The monosyllabic and disyllabic direction words has gradually come into the weakened meaning or morpheme,while disyllabic direction words has more substantive nature,with more freedom in the sentences.

可见，语义的发展变化最终导致了汉语方位词形式系统单双音节两分的局面，这两种形式方位词的不同语义特点也是后来发展演变的基础，单音节方位词逐渐走向虚词性或词法平面，而双音节方位词则具有更多的实词性，更为自由地出现在句子中。

Semantic Presupposition and Semantic Entailment are two closely related concepts.

语义预设和语义蕴涵是两个密切相关的概念，对二者进行鉴别，有助于准确地理解和使用自然语言。

In this study, a new classification method of tolerances according to semantics and mathematical representation of basic geometric elements based on DOF is given. The representation of tolerance semantics is systematically deduced based on its mathematical definition that can characterize the semantics exactly an...

给出了基于语义的几何公差分类方法及基于自由度变动的基本几何要素数学表示方法；基于公差的数学定义，系统地推导了各种类型公差的三维语义表示方法，准确完整地表示出了其语义；最后给出实例进行应用分析

Because the investigation of natural language had shown that we could construct successfully semantical antinomy in any semantically closed language,Tarski thought that the definition of truth in a fomalized language could be only constructed in its metalanguage.

塔斯基发现，在一个语言内部定义该语言的"真"必然导致该语言具有语义封闭性，而对日常语言的分析已经表明，在任意一个具有语义封闭性的语言中都可以成功地构造出语义悖论，因此，形式语言的真句子定义只能在其元语言中得到。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

On the basis of summarizing and commenting upon the major studies of semantic orientation of resultative construction in modern Chinese, the paper claims it is insufficient to study semantic orientation of resultative construction only from the literal or formal logic point of view, but rather, researchers should take into account some subjective factors on the part of language users; then, the paper introduces Talmy's cognitive semantic approach to resultative construction; based on his theoretical framework, the present paper further investigates the internal causes of the diversity of semantic orientation of satellites in Chinese,supported with the data analysis; and finally, this paper concludes that it is the semantic and syntactic properties of the verb root that make these diversified semantic orientation possible, and their actual representation is finalized by the language user via different satellites.

本文在对以往动补结构语义指向的主要研究成果进行总结评价的基础上，提出对语义指向的研究不能停留在字面和形式逻辑的层面上，而应结合语言使用者的主观因素或主观经验，也即是认知语义学的观点；其次，系统地介绍了Talmy的认知语义学观点中关于汉语动补结构的重新描述和分析，并在此基础上，着重分析了汉语动补结构多样化的语义指向的内在原因，即，汉语动作动词特殊的词汇化模式(仅包括动作和使动成分在内)中不包含确定动作执行结果的成分，因而须要借助于其卫星成分来表明动作的结果，这个结果可能是规约性的结果，也可能是偶然性的结果，由此呈现出卫星成分的多义性的特点，也就是传统上说的动补结构的语义指向。

In other words, an expression is ambiguous if it has several paraphrases which are not paraphrases of each other.

换句话说，表示语义地模棱两可的如果它有不是释义彼此的几释义。

The traditional stylistic approaches focus on the study of the stylistic features on the lexical level, the grammatical level, figure of speech, cohesion and co-context, which can hardly explore all the semantic features of Bacons Essays.

常规的文学文体的分析着眼于从词汇、语法、修辞和篇章全面地对某一作者的文体特征进行分析，难以深层次地揭示其内在的语义特征；韩礼德所提出的以系统功能理论为基础的系统功能文体学则着眼于小句内部及句间语义关系的分析从而能更为清晰地揭示语篇深层次的语义文体特征，本文旨在通过将功能文体学与传统的文学文体研究框架二者点与面相结合进行综合研究，在多个层面上对文学文体做更为明确、更为系统的阐述。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。