语义

Firstly, cluster analysis and questionnaire surveys are performed to obtain a number of auditory attribute descriptors in Chinese language, and then based on paired comparison and semantic differential approach, a dissimilarity matrix and a subjective evaluation value of each descriptor are obtained.

首先通过词汇聚类分析和问卷调查确定评价水下噪声听觉属性的汉语描述词，然后完成基于成对比较法和语义细分法的主观评价实验，获得听觉属性的不相似性矩阵及各样本在不同听觉属性下的主观评价分值。

This recently -developed grammar has some unique features in its description of paradigmatic and syntagmatic structures of language.

它对语法结构中纵向聚合和横向组合的抽象描写颇具特色，不仅进行严格的结构形式分析，而且进行有效的语义和语用分析。

The author in this paper considers that the coherence is a comprehensive concept, and any concept is just the description from one aspect. This paper carries on the analysis from the perspective of thought pattern at the cognitive level. According to the discussion on Kaplan"s viewpoint and the contrary arguments by the other scholars, the conclusion can be made as the contrastive analysis based on the texts parallel in register tends to be tendentious, sketchy and indefinite, so the contrary examples provided by other scholars illustrate that it is impossible for modern Chinese text structure to be influenced by the traditional text structure of "ba gu wen alluded to by Kaplan. This paper provides contrastive analysis on the basis of texts parallel in translation, which can present the most essential different characteristics of Chinese and English texts, and guide the development of every aspect in the translation process, and help to convey the meaning of source language faithfully as well as to construct the text structure in different ways which possess the characteristics of their own languages.

而本文所讨论的与连贯有关的分析层面属于认知层面中的思维方式角度，文章从中西思维方式差异的对比出发讨论了科技篇章连贯性的差异；对于Kaplan所提出的观点以及其反对者的观点进行讨论，得出结论为：以语域对应材料为基础的连贯性对比导致了Kaplan结论中的倾向性，概括性与模糊性，从而反对其观点的学者可以在中文学生做的英文作文中找出反例并提出了反驳意见，他们认为中文传统思维模式即Kaplan所暗示的八股文结构并不会影响到现代中文学生组织英语篇章结构；而本文以翻译对应语料为基础进行英汉篇章中基本结构的对比，这不同于语域对应材料的对比是以语域一致为基础进行整体篇章的重新组织，因为翻译对应材料的译文不可能出现对原文整体结构的大调整，而只可能体现出篇章中小范围语义结构的基本差异，从而避免了倾向性的观点，可以体现出中西思维方式在篇章组织结构上最基本的差异，本文还总结出翻译中所应注意的两种语言的特点，从而指导翻译过程的各个方面，达到译入语与译出语在意义上的忠实传达与结构上忠于源语特点的效果。

Different FORTRAN compilers chose one of two different ways to achieve the FORTRAN semantics for parameter passing.

不同的FORTRAN编译器选择了两种不同方法中的一种来实现FORTRAN语义中的参数传递。

Space curve is one of the basic elements in geometric modeling, and its effective representation is the basis of modeling. Parametric representation based on features is a kind of high-level representation including semantic information. In Chapter 4, para- metric representations based on features for free form space curve are investigated, and a parametric model for the loop of plain knitted fabric is established, in which 5 parameters with practical meanings are used to represent the shape of a loop and the relationship between loops. A new shrinkage prediction method for knitted fabric are proposed based on the parametric representation and energy minimizing. Experimental results on some plain knitted fabrics illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

空间曲线是造型中最基本的几何元素之一，对其有效的表示是造型的基础，而特征参数化表示是其中一种包含语义信息的高层次表示，本文对空间自由曲线的特征参数化表示进行研究，建立了一种针织物线圈的特征参数化几何模型，采用5个具有实际意义的参数表示织物线圈的几何形状及线圈之间的位置关系，并将该模型与能量极小化的方法相结合，得到了一种能较好地预测针织物缩水率的新模型，对随机选取的一些针织布缩水预测实验表明了算法的可行性。

Coordination and parallisrn are common in paratactically featured Chinese where conjoins belonging to different statuses are acceptable.

本文在传统语义解释的基础上，加进了语音和语用及思维模式等方面的因素，以此丰富视野，增强解释力。

Especially for the Chinese with heavy parataxis nature, the semantic is the internal factors in various language phenomenon.

尤其是对于汉语这种意合性很强的语言来说，语义是诸多语言现象的内在动因。

There are two uses of"you……you……"pattern in contemporary Chinese--- one is parataxis ,another is non-parataxis .

该格式可分为并列式和非并列式两类，本文从形式特征及语义等方面对这两种句式尤其是并列式"又……又……"进行了考察、分析，同时通过对这两种句式的对比，归纳出两者之间的差异及使用条件。

According to the characteristic of the corpus, proper document extraction templates are adopted for 4 kinds of relations between concepts, namely, synonymy, hyponymy, hyponymy and parataxis.

以面向自然语言的网络答疑为应用背景，提出了一种基於半结构化语料库的概念语义网络自动生成算法。

We conclude and analyse the relation types of phonology and sememe, the disciplinarian of phonology transformation, combine rules of phonology and sememe of the 379 sets of paronym.

本文以现代词源学理论为指导，运用比较互证法、义素分析法、数据统计法等方法，以《广雅疏证》的语言材料为依据，参考先秦两汉文献及汉唐注疏、清人集解，借鉴前辈学者和当代学者的研究成果，对王念孙排比出的具有同源关系的一组组词进行语音语义分析，共整理出379组同源词。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！