语义

In a dictionary, the lexemes, sometimes loosely referred to as word stems, are provided first and followed by variations of the base word.

在一本字典中，语义有时泛指词本身，语义首先提供的是基本词义的各种变化。

The fourth part examines the semantic features of AN structure. It is concluded that AN structure is metric and its origin is that AN structure is transmitting structure with weak function. That is to say, because referential meaning of N is weak and declarative meaning is strong, N is made to be close to A to make the structure deviate in function. AN structure in sentences metricizes the attribute of verbs and it has the constraints of structural meaning on the internal structure of AN and VP.

第四部分考察AN结构的语义特征，得出：AN结构具有量度义，其来源是因为AN结构是弱功能传递型结构，即&N&的指称义弱，事物性虚弱、语义内容抽象，A的陈述义强，使得N向A靠拢，才使得由其构成的偏正结构在表述功能上发生了偏离，使整个短语性状化，具有了量度义；AN结构入句后表示对动作某方面属性的度量，这一格式义对AN结构内部、VP具有制约作用。

When asked for a formal semantics of the formal semantics Milner's head explodes.

但是，如果有人向米尔纳询问&这个形式语义本身的形式语义&是什么，米尔纳的头就该炸了。

It makes a integral study of the Chinese verb "Chi" through two ways: isemantic descriptions — variable rules of meaning of V-N construction , referentical status of object-actant noun; iisyntactical descriptions — division and combination of actants or semantic valencies; positive and negative compatible proper.

具体通过语义和句法描写两大途径切入：i动宾构造的意义&变异规则&、题元名词的&指称&地位分析；ii题元或语义配价的裂变及合并、兼容共现特征和转换特征的分析。

Its common .for Korean students to underuse the Ba sentence or avoid the use of it during their primary stage of learning because they have no idea of what the Ba-sentence mean, or at what time or on what occasion they are supposed to use it, nor do they know about the restriction rules on syntax, connotation and pragmatic usage. An effective solution to the problem is to design a particular occasion for the language according to the different connotation of the Ba-sentence in helping foreign students build their sense of the language and create their rational awareness of the Ba-sentence.

韩国留学生在初级阶段学习&把&字句时，因为不了解&把&字句的意义是什么，不知道什么时候、什么情况下应该使用&把&字句，又不了解和掌握&把&字句在运用时的句法、语义和语用的限制规则，所以初级阶段留学生普遍存在着&把&字句使用不足甚于回避使用&把&字句的情况，解决这一问题的有效方法是结合语义采取设计具体语境背景来帮助留学生建立语感，增加对&把&字句的理性认识。

The translators' translation strategies and especially their thinking at various stages are the major concerns of the investigation. The findings are as follows: 1. As soon as the translator uses his visual recognition system to build a linear sentence, the sentence will move down to the translator's FLS and FSS, which functions as sifters. 2. It is important to analyze out "participants","process" and "relations among them" by semantic analyzer. 3. Pragmatic analysis is sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious. 4. During the synthesis stage, translators tend to retain products synthesized from synthesis stage same in meaning, structure and style as the products analyzed from analyzer, which is the default way. However if he was not satisfied with the tentative products, he would send them back to syntactic analyzer or semantic analyzer to process them again. 5. Relative to synthesis, analysis is supposed to be the starting point.

主要推论如下：1、当译者用视觉辨认系统建立起线性的句子以后，句子就进入了译者的常用词汇存储和常用结构存储中，它们就像一个筛子，句子经过它们之后，在译者的短暂记忆中就剩下与它们没有重叠的生词和新句式结构了，然后这些生词和新句式结构就分别进入译者的词汇搜索机制和句法分析器中了。2、在翻译过程中进行&参与者&，&事件过程&以及&参与者与事件之间的关系&的语义分析，对于得到正确合适的翻译是非常重要的。3、语用分析有时是有意识的有时是无意识的。4、在合成阶段，译者通常都保持合成的结果和分析的结果在意义、形式、风格上一致，这是默认的途径，但是如果译者在合成阶段发现可能得到的结果不通顺或者译者不满意，他则会返回分析阶段，重新进行语用、语义或句法分析。5、分析是起点，合成是终点。

Firstly syntax parsing tools are used to extract context feature of terms, and natural language feature and statistical mutual information measure are integrated to compute relevancy degree of terms,then dynamic role and sememe are used as key to seek the relationship in HowNet semantic relationship framework, and explicit semantic lable is designated to the relationship.

首先通过句法分析提取术语的上下文特征，结合自然语言特征和互信息的方法计算术语之间的相关度，然后使用术语的义原和动态角色作为关键词，在知网语义关系框架中定位关系，并为关系指定明确的语义标签。

Chapter one is the semantic classification of speech act verbs. An overview of the semantic classification of general verbs and speech act verbs is described, and a further classification of speech act verbs is defined by means of semantic field theory and sememe analysis theory which includes Q-As, interactive, imperative, emotional, evaluative and declarative, etc. Chapter two is the analysis of the sememe analysis of Russian speech act verbs.

本章首先对国内外一般动词和言语行为动词的语义分类进行了研究综述，继而借助语义场理论和义素分析理论对言语行为动词进行了初步划分：问答类、交互类、祈使类、情感类、评价类和告知类；第二章汉、俄语言语行为动词的义素分析。

In this paper, some semantic properties of the classic English passives and Chinese passive sentences are analyzed from the semantic property of semantics.

本文基于语义学语义特征理论，分析了典型的英语be被动句和汉语被字句的语义特征。

There are five semantic properties of English passives are summed up:,,, and , and the semantic properties of Chinese passive sentences include ,,,, and .

总结出英语被动句的语义特征包括、、、、以及。而汉语被字句的语义特征包括、、、、以及。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！