语义

The novelty of this paper lies in the relation of the semantic structure of verbs with their syntactic structure through the analysis of semantic and syntactic valency of verbs, which leads to the combination of form and meaning.

本文的创新之处在于，通过对动词语义配价和句法配价的分析，把动词的语义结构和句法结构联系起来，做到了形式和意义的结合。

To optimize the performance of the hybrid model,it applies k-means algorithm to perform vector clustering in the LSA vector space while the density function is used to initialize the centroid.

研究了潜在语义分析理论及其在连续语音识别中应用的相关技术，在此基础上利用WSJ0文本语料库上构建LSA模型，并将其与3-gram模型进行插值组合，构建了包含语义信息的统计语言模型；同时为了进一步优化混合模型的性能，提出了基于密度函数初始化质心的k-means聚类算法对LSA模型的向量空间进行聚类。

Grounded on the first chapter, new and original in content, the second and the third chapters, employing the theories in phonetics, writing, rhetoric, semantics and aesthetics, further discusses the rhetorical and the semantic functions of the comma in English and Chinese: rhetorically speaking, the comma can be used to clarify, to expound, to substitute, to emphasize, to contrast, to complement, or to vivify; semantically speaking, the comma itself can carry information to indicate certain meaning, or the presence and absence of the comma can cause semantic changes. The fourth chapter applies what has been discussed in the previous chapters to English-Chinese translation.

在此基础上，本文第二、三章标新立异，运用语音语调原理、写作、修辞、美学、语义学等方面的知识，通过详实的文献实例，全面地论述了英汉语逗号的修辞和语义功能：从修辞功能的角度看，逗号可以用以进行澄清、解释、替代、强调、对比、补充，或是取得生动和幽默的效果，等等；从语义功能的角度看，逗号本身可以作为信息载体，暗含特定的意思，在更多的情况下，它本身不含意义，但它的使用与否会引起整个句子意思的变化。

After research we can find that: firstly, a great number of predicate-word phrases can act as the adnex of the verb-complement structure; secondly, almost all the verbal phrases and adjectival phrases can act as complement, and other phrases like adverbs, noun, quantifier phrases, some prepositional phrases and subject-predicate phrases, even compound sentence can act as complement too;thirdiy, there are six kinds of verb-complement structures in the novel;fourthly, the verb-complement structures can act as subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial modifier, complement in a sentence and other phrases component, even can be a sentence by itself; fifthly, the semantic connection between complement and other components in the sentence is very abundance and complex;sixthly, some special verb-complement structures in the Dream of the Red Chamber show the characteristic of transitional language.This thesis is divided into five parts:Part 1: Preface.

通过研究我们可以发现：首先，大多数的谓词性词语在《红楼梦》中都可以充当述补结构的述语；其次，几乎所有的动词性词语和形容词性词语都可以充当补语，少数副词和名词性词语也可以做补语，数量短语、介宾短语、主谓结构和复句也可以做补语；第三，述补结构的类型按中间的助词标记可以分为没有助词的，有&得/的&的，有&个&的，有&着&的，有&将&的和有&到&的六种；第四，述补结构可以充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语以及各种成分内部的组成成分，还可以单独成句，其语法功能非常丰富；第五，补语的语义指向是多方面的，语义内容非常复杂；第六，几种特殊的述补结构说明了《红楼梦》的述补结构带有过渡时期的特点。

Cultural models have significant influence on the classificational fineness in semantic field, motivation of semantic extension, as well as collocational power, richness of meaning, and emotional coloring of words.

认知语义观则强调，语义是认知过程的产物，是在人对客观世界的感知和理解的基础上形成的。

In the dissertation, the coherence of the works will be testified from three aspects: lexical, clausal and message aspects. In lexical aspect, Anderson achieves the coherence of the works by using those lexical devices such as repetition, collocation, general words and so on; in clausal aspect, through using referential devices skillfully, the author succeeds in creating semantic coherence between clauses in which there are no relationships of grammatical structure; As for message aspect, the pattern of thematic progression shows how new information and given information are connected with each other. At the same time, it portrays the trains of the authors thoughts.

本文从词汇、句子层面和信息结构三方面对小说连贯进行了全面的分析：安德森通过对词汇的重复、词汇的搭配、泛指词等词汇手段的巧妙运用，使小说在意义上达到了很强的连贯；在句子层面上，作者通过巧妙的运用各种照应手段，在互相没有语法结构关系的句子之间产生了语义的连贯；在信息结构方面，主位述位推进模式清晰的勾勒出了作者的思路，各句的信息在语义上的衔接也一目了然。

Only when explanation in terms of other categories of meaning does not apply do we need to invoke the special category of collocative meaning.

换句话说，当词与词的搭配可以从以上几种语义得到解释时，那么它们之间就不存在搭配语义。

Chapter Four Semantic Analysis of Imperative Sentences in Zutangji (1) On the one hand, the positive and the negative imperative sentences are different in using verb. Selfness verb can be used in both kinds of sentences, while derogative can only be used in negative sentences.

第四章 《祖堂集》祈使句的语义分析（1）祈使句的肯定式和否定式对动词有着不同的语义选择，自主动词既可进入肯定式，也可进入否定式；非自主动词只能进入否定式，不能进入肯定式。

One view, that episodic memory and semantic memory are both dependent on the integrity of medial temporal lobe and midline diencephalic structures, predicts that amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe/diencephalic damage should be proportionately impaired in both episodic and semantic memory.

一种观点认为，情节记忆和语义记忆都依赖颞叶内部和间脑中线结构，预言颞叶内部、间脑损伤的健忘症病人的情节和语义记忆会相应比例地被削弱。

One view, that episodic memory and semantic memory are both dependent on the integrity of medial temporal lobe and midline diencephalic structures, predicts that amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe/diencephalic damage should be proportionately impaired in both episodic and semantic memory.

一种观点认为，情节记忆和语义记忆都依赖颞叶内部和间脑中线结构，预言颞叶内部、间脑损伤的失忆症病人的情节和语义记忆会相应比例地被削弱。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！