语义

The model has, as a submodel, the well known pi calculus.

该翻译既保持前者的操作语义，又保持其代数语义。

Research on Korean adverbs of degree made before is mainly focused on category, subordinate and classification, with little notice on syntactic and semantic features of some adverbs, especially semantic difference, co-occurrence, syntactic constraints of synonyms.

前人对韩国语程度副词的研究焦点大部分集中在程度副词的范畴、下位分类、程度的等级化等方面，而对个别副词的句法、语义特性研究很不充分，尤其是研究类义词的语义差异、共现制约、句法条件等方面的研究更是微乎其微。

The paper amendes Thanh Dao's WodNet-based concept similarity algorithm and uses it in Prompt to supply a gap.

对Thanh Dao提出的基于WordNet的概念语义相似度算法进行改进，并将其用于Prompt，弥补了其无法进行语义匹配的缺陷。

It was proved that semantic modus ponus and hypothetical syllogism rules hold in this logic system.

证明了MP语义规则和HS语义规则在该系统中成立。

On this basis, taking into account the diversity of user interest as well as the synonymity and semantic correlation of word expression, the paper further proposed a method for user multi-interest modeling based on semantic similar network, which uses SSN to expand user feature words with its synonyms and correlative words on the knowledge level, and divides user interest into multi-categories, thus to establish a multi-interest user model.

在此基础上，考虑到用户兴趣的多样性及词语表达的同义性和语义相关性问题，本文进一步提出一种基于语义相似网络的用户多兴趣建模方法，该方法使用SSN对用户兴趣特征词进行知识层面上的扩展，联想出同义词和相关词，并将用户兴趣细分为多个类别，建立起多兴趣的用户模型。

Hence in language use, the ideational encoding from SEMANTICS to MEANING would generate a new process system of four general Transitivity constructions: material-actional, material-relational, material-relational, and mental-relational.

在笔者看来，前一类现象为语言编码前的"意象隐喻"，但在语义上则是一致式，后者同时涉及意象隐喻和语义隐喻，因为它们是在"心理-关系"这一总的及物性结构框架内，以识别模式为源范畴，映射到同一框架下的属性模式而生成的。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

The semantic descriptive method used in this dissertation has the following characteristics: First, the traditional input-output function is replaced by trace valued function as the denotation of programs. It helps to explain the process of program execution and thus facilitate programming and debugging. It is indispensable in the formal description of interactive languages.

本文采用的语义描述形式有如下几个特点：一是用时迹函数代替传统的输入输出函数作为程序的指称，这有助于揭示程序的执行特征，对具体的编程实践尤其是程序调试具有较好的指导作用，对于交互式程序的语义刻划更是必不可少的手段。

Taking the well-performed missile ontology as an example, the author introduces a universal method of constructing Chinese domain ontology, which could hopefully give some suggestions to the basic research on OWL ontology construction and the intelligent information search in semantic Web.

为对第二代网络——语义Web的发展提供一个良好的中文信息组织机制，尝试在现有相关理论研究的基础上，利用OWL网络本体语言建立一个完整的中文领域本体——导弹领域本体，并从中归纳构建中文领域本体的通用性方法，以期为OWL本体构建提供一条可行的实践路径，并为未来语义Web智能化检索提供服务。

Finally we analyze the Apresjan's theory of semantic valance and the reason of development of this theory, meanwhile, point out the deficiency of the Apresjan's theory.

最后对Ю。Д。Апресян的语义配价理论及其变化发展的原因进行分析，并指出其语义题元理论的不足。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！