详细研究

Main work follows:(1) In the first part of this paper, a historical development of the number theory before Gauss is reviewed.Based on the systematic analysis of Gauss"s work in science and mathematics, inquiry into the mathematical background that Disquisitiones Arithmeticae appeals and Gauss"s congruent theory;(2) The development process of Fermat"s little theorem and its important function in the compositeness test is elaborated through original literature.we think that the first three section of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a summary and development for ancestors" work about Fermat"s little theorem,show that Fermat"s little theorem played an important role in the elementary number theory;(3) With the two main sources of the quadratic reciprocity law, investigating Fermat,Euler,Lagrange,Legendre, until the related work of Gauss,the way to realize the laws huge push to the development of algebraic number theory in 19 centuries.

本文主要做了以下工作：(1)首先回顾了高斯之前的数论研究状况，在系统分析高斯的科学与数学成就的基础上，探讨了《算术研究》出现的数学背景和高斯的同余理论；(2)通过对原始文献的系统解读，深入分析了费马小定理发现发展的历程以及在素性检验中的重要作用，指出《算术研究》前三节是高斯在总结并发展了前人对该定理研究的基础上形成的，并揭示了费马小定理在初等数论定理证明中的核心地位；(3)以二次互反律的两个主要来源为线索，详细考察了费马，欧拉，拉格朗目，勒让德，直到高斯的相关工作，揭示了该定律对十九世纪数论发展的巨大推动作用。

Features and innovations in this study:(1) Longest successive time scale of Precambrian samples is studied;(2) The environmental and biological significances of the difference between . the carbon isotopic compositions of kerogen and coexisted carbonate were discoved;(3) The difference of biogeochemical processes between Proterozoic closed and open sea system was considered in the disccussion;(5) It is first time to carry out the chemolysis and thermolysis of kerogen in Precambrian organic matter research.(6) It is first time to apply molecular organic geochemical data to the reconstruction of Proterozoic Rodinia Supercontinent.

此项研究具有以下特色和创新之处：(1)研究对象连续时间跨度最长；(2)研究内容涉及面较全面；(3)较早详细探讨了前寒武纪沉积有机质的分子特征与古环境和生物群落的演化关系；(4)独立推导和论证了δ〓C〓和δ〓C〓的差值的生物和环境的重要意义；(5)在前寒武纪有机质研究中区分了局部封闭环境下的生物地球化学循环过程与广域海环境下的生物地球化学过程的差异；(6)开展了前寒武纪干酪根化学和热降解研究；(7)开创性地将分子有机地球化学的数据应用于元古宙Rodinia超大陆的重建中。

The first part mainly introduces the background of this research and the practical significance of demonstration; The second part mainly introduces the gist of this research; The third part mainly introduces the study of the experiments of this teaching material in details; The fourth part mainly introduces the circs of the experiments carried out in senior high school; The fifth part mainly expatiates the experience and the countercharge.

第一部分主要介绍了课题研究背景和现实意义，第二部分主要介绍了研究的理论依据，第三部分介绍了对苏教版高中化学必修教材中"活动与探究"所涉实验的具体研究，第四部分详细介绍了对"活动与探究"所涉实验在中学的实际开设情况的研究，第五部分阐述了研究的体会与反思。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

Beginning with wave equation, the paper has deduced the propagation of gauss pulses in single mode fiber and fiber grating transmission compensation. The characteristics of cascaded phase-shift gratings are discussed by numerical simulations of coupled-mode theory and T-matrix method. The experimental works and measurement results are shown in this paper. On the other hand, we have introduced the basic theory of EDFA and figured out the characteristics for EDFA at different conditions by numerical simulation. Some experimental results for EDFA are also presented here. In this article, you can find the influence on Optical Fiber Amplifier by Gain Tilt, especially, the negative effect on CSO in CATV transmission system.

论文首先从波动方程入手，对高斯脉冲在单模光纤中的传播演化及光纤光栅透射补偿进行了详细的研究；较系统地介绍了光纤光栅的耦合模理论，并将传输矩阵计算法用于计算级连相移光纤光栅的光学特性；重点介绍了作者在光纤光栅刻制及特性测量方面所做的一些实验研究工作；较系统介绍了EDFA的基本理论，计算出各种条件下EDFA的光学特性，并进行了一些实验研究；综合分析光纤放大器对光纤传输系统的影响，特别分析了光纤放大器增益不平坦对光纤CATV系统中CSO恶化的原因及其解决方法，并研究了光纤布拉格光栅在稳定980nm泵浦源输出功率和输出波长方面的应用；结合一个基于光纤光栅和光纤放大器的光纤用户接入网方案，对光纤用户接入网的若干问题进行了理论与初步的实验研究。

And an on-line adaptative training algorithm of the weights of neuron is given, which enhances fusion precision of the model, fault tolerance and adaptive ability for subsystems 4 In order to diagnose the soft fault of integrated system, a new fault detection method is proposed based on federated filter, which can detect fault of system in short interval and greatly enhance the method sensitivity to fault A fault diagnosis method of Dynamically Tuned Gyro baesd on parameter estimation of kinetics model of rotor, and signal pretreatment, parameter estimation and strategy of fault identification are studied in detail The method can locate fault of DTG correctly and effectively, which provides a new approach and idea for gyro fault diagonsis 5 In order to diagnose the hard fault of integrated system, fault tree analysis is studied on fault disgnosis of integrated system circuits, and the hardware and software of disgnosis system are developed, with faults located to main module and circuit For futhur diagnosis, an optimal measurement technology in detection of circuits is discussed by improving an algorithm based on information theory, and a pratical method based on half-split method is proposed.

针对组合系统的软故障诊断问题，提出了基于联合滤波模型的一种新的故障检测算法，给出了算法的理论推导过程，该算法能在较短的时间内检测出系统故障，提高了算法对故障的敏感度；研究了基于动调陀螺转子动力学模型参数辨识的故障诊断方法，就其中的信号预处理、参数辨识及故障决策方法等关键技术进行了详细的研究，该方法可以正确、有效地检测与定位动调陀螺故障，为陀螺故障诊断提供了新的途径和思路。 5。针对组合系统的硬故障诊断问题，研究了基于系统浅知识推理的故障树法在组合系统电路子系统故障诊断中的应用，开发了相关诊断系统的软硬件，故障可定位到系统的主要功能模块和电路板级。为了进一步的故障定位，研究了电路板故障的最优检测问题，完善了基于信息理论的优化算法，并提出了基于&对分法&的一种实用的优化算法，故障可定位到电路板的主要功能元件级。在组建的SINS/GPS组合系统实验平台上，针对上述研究内容，进行了大量的实验研究。

The development of the lead free cutting brass containing bismuth and graphite/copper composite was summarized.It can be concluded that the key points for cutting brass containing no lead are the choices of elements which can form brittle but not hard intermetallics and procedure which can make the intermetallics distribute dispersively.

详细介绍国外无铅易切削铋黄铜研究开发的一些成果和石墨/铜合金复合材料的研究情况，总结国内无铅易切削铜合金的研究情况，结合自己的研究结果，指出无铅易切削铜合金的研究方向是采用适当的元素形成脆而不硬的金属间化合物，并采用一定的加工手段使其呈弥散分布。

Additionally, the paper used the Markovian transfer matrix, the trade competitiveness index, dominant comparative advantage index, and some other statistical indicators and descriptive methods,which were either rarely used or studied unsystematically in the previous research.

另外，本文对畜产品竞争力的研究也更加注重研究方法的系统化和科学化，不仅应用了扩展的CMS模型对畜产品出口竞争力效应进行了详细分析，还采用马尔科夫转移矩阵、贸易竞争力指数、显性比较优势指数等统计指标及其他描述统计方法对畜产品的竞争力及地位等进行了比较和验证，这些研究方法的综合应用使本文的研究更具充分性和科学性，而这恰是在以往的畜产品竞争力研究中运用较少或研究得不够系统的地方。

First, on the basis of sufficient study on the constructive condition of the main bridge of Tianxingzhou Bridge, different types of cross section of the steel truss beam, relationship between the length of steel beam node and quantity of steel, the shape of pylon, the form of anchorage and the structural system of the main bridge of Tianxingzhou Bridge are analysed.

本文以天兴洲大桥主桥的设计为研究对象，较为详细的研究了以下内容：首先，在充分研究天兴洲大桥具体建桥条件的基础上，研究了不同主桁断面形式，比较了各种节间长度对受力及用钢量的影响，分析了主塔的形式和索的锚固方式，对比分析主桥总体布置的不同方案，同时还对主桥下部结构方案进行对比分析；然后，对不同铁路结合桥面布置方案进行了对比研究，并计算了推荐方案在不同荷载工况下的受力状况。

The development of the lead free cutting brass containing bismuth and graphite/copper composite was summarized.It can be concluded that the key points for cutting brass containing no lead are the choices of elements which can form brittle but not hard intermetallics and procedure which can make the intermetallics distr...

详细介绍国外无铅易切削铋黄铜研究开发的一些成果和石墨/铜合金复合材料的研究情况，总结国内无铅易切削铜合金的研究情况，结合自己的研究结果，指出无铅易切削铜合金的研究方向是采用适当的元素形成脆而不硬的金属间化合物，并采用一定的加工手段使其呈弥散分布。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。