诡辩

De Chateau-Renaud, a handsome young man of thirty, gentleman all over,--that is, with the figure of a Guiche and the wit of a Mortemart,--took Albert's hand."My dear Albert," said he,"let me introduce to you M. Maximilian Morrel, captain of Spahis, my friend; and what is more--however the man speaks for himself ---my preserver. Salute my hero, viscount."

我事先已对我这几位朋友宣称过，说您是《一千零一夜》里的一位魔术师，中世纪的巫师，但巴黎人诡辩起来倒是十分精明的，假如那种事不是他们的日常生活所遇到的话，那他们就会把最无可争辩的事实误认作狂想。

From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practises much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to walk about in the house in my outdoor dress, nor to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinuessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be satisfied with a superficial understanding of a book; nor hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.

从拉斯蒂克斯，我领悟到我的品格需要改进和训练，知道不迷误于诡辩的竞赛，不写作投机的东西，不进行繁琐的劝诫，不显示自己训练有素，或者做仁慈的行为以图炫耀；学会了避免辞藻华丽、构思精巧的写作；不穿着出门用的衣服在室内行走及别的类似事件；学会了以朴素的风格写信，就像拉斯蒂克斯从锡纽埃瑟给我的母亲写的信一样；对于那些以言词冒犯我，或者对我做了错事的人，一旦他们表现出和解的意愿，就乐意地与他们和解；从他，我也学会了仔细地阅读，不满足于表面的理解，不轻率地同意那些夸夸其谈的人；我亦感谢他使我熟悉了埃比克太德的言论，那是他从自己的收藏中传授给我的。

From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practises much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinusessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.

从拉斯蒂克斯，我领悟到我的品格需要改进和训练，知道不迷误于诡辩的竞赛，不写作投机的东西，不进行繁琐的劝诫，不显示自己训练有素，或者做仁慈的行为以图炫耀；学会了避免词藻华丽、构思精巧的写作；不穿着出门用的衣服在室内行走及别的类似事情；学会了以朴素的风格写信，就像拉斯蒂克斯从锡纽埃瑟给我的母亲写的信一样；对于那些以言辞冒犯我，或者对我做了错事的人，一旦他们表现出和解的意愿，就乐意地与他们和解；从他，我也学会了仔细地阅读，不满足于表面的理解，不轻率地同意那些夸夸其谈的人；我亦感谢他使我熟悉了埃比克太德的言论，那是他从自己的收藏中传授给我的。

It has three chief features:cutting off the connection of things,indefiniteness,regarding appearance of things as nature of things.

割裂联系、似是而非、用表面现象掩盖事物本质是诡辩的三个主要特征。

Open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body.

对他在《论公民的不服从》一文中某些显而易见的诡辩，他们颇有反感。

Just what is positive; it makes its own existence felt. Leibnitz isparticularly concerned to defend this absurdity; and he seeks tostrengthen his position by using a palpable and paltry sophism .

莱布尼茨是这个谬论尤为坚定的维护者，为了强调他的论点他曾作过一个浅陋荒唐的诡辩[1]。

Such a quibble did not trouble Livingston and his friends.

这种诡辩并没有把利文斯顿和他的朋友难倒。

For if the objection be raised, that no being can exist separated from itself or show forth local distances between its various selves, the sophism is readily detected; for multilocation does not multiply the individual object, but only its external relation to and presence in space.

如果异议被提出，没有被可以存在脱离本身还是显示了地方之间的距离，其各个守土有责，诡辩，是很容易发现； multilocation并不乘以个别对象，但只是其对外的关系，并在空间。

Strepsiades mourns that he has exchanged Pheidippides's obsession with expensive horses for his obsession with sophistry and rhetoric, which is proving to also have its price.

Strepsiades表示哀悼，他已交换Pheidippides迷恋与昂贵的马匹，他痴迷于诡辩和言论，这是证明也有它的价格。

Strepsiades begs Pheidippides to refrain from his expensive ways and begs him to enroll in the new-fangled school next door wherein he may learn about esoteric natural sciences as well as sophistry that might help him outwit their creditors in court.

Strepsiades回避Pheidippides不要他的昂贵的方法和求他报名参加新fangled学校隔壁其中他可以了解深奥的自然科学以及诡辩，这可能有助于他骗过他们债权人在法庭上。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。