诡辩

From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practises much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to walk about in the house in my outdoor dress, nor to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinuessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be satisfied with a superficial understanding of a book; nor hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.

从拉斯蒂克斯，我领悟到我的品格需要改进和训练，知道不迷误于诡辩的竞赛，不写作投机的东西，不进行繁琐的劝诫，不显示自己训练有素，或者做仁慈的行为以图炫耀；学会了避免辞藻华丽、构思精巧的写作；不穿着出门用的衣服在室内行走及别的类似事情；学会了以朴素的风格写信，就像拉斯蒂克斯从锡纽埃瑟给我的母亲写的信一样；对于那些以言词冒犯我，或者对我做了错事的人，一旦他们表现出和解的意愿，就乐意地与他们和解；从他，我也学会了仔细地阅读，不满足于表面的理解，不轻率地同意那些夸夸其谈的人；我亦感谢他使我熟悉了埃比克太德的言论，那是他从自己的收藏中传授给我的。

They are the four vanguards of the human race, marching towards the four cardinal points of progress.

但是，在哲学家的身旁和底下，有那些诡辩派，这是杂在香花中的毒草，是处女林中的霸王鞭。

No one could ever say of him that he was either a sophist or a home-bred flippant slave or a pedant; but every one acknowledged him to be a man ripe, perfect, above flattery, able to manage his own and other men's affairs.

没有一个人会说他是一个诡辩家或油嘴滑舌的家奴，或一个冬烘；人人都认为他是一个成熟的，完美的，不受谗言影响的，有能力处理好自己和他人事务的人。

The sophists were teachers of the art of arguing.

诡辩派由一些研究辩论艺术的大师组成。

"What is prudence in the conduct of every private family," said Adam Smith's strong common sense in reply to the sophists of his time,"can scarce be folly in that of a great kingdom."

亚当·斯密用极其普通的常识，回应当时的诡辩家说：&在每一个家庭的管理中是精明的举措，用于一个大国的管理，很少会是错的。&

Many politician s are cunning sophists.

许多政客都是狡猾的诡辩家。

Was he at heart an aesthete, happiest making music in beautiful buildings among works of art? Or was he more naturally one of the sophisters, economists and calculators whose rise marked, for Edmund Burke, the passing of the age of chivalry? Was he by temperament a dissenter?

是那个徜徉在艺术殿堂里，肆意作曲的完美主义者，还是那个自崛起，便标志着伯克式的骑士时代终结的天生诡辩家、经济学家和预测家？

The reader should not overlook, of course, Frederic Bastiat's Economic Sophisms (ca. 1844), and particularly his essay on "What Is Seen and What Is Not Seen."

读者当然不要错过巴斯夏的《经济诡辩》（Economic Sophisms，1844），尤其是他写的〈看得见的与看不见的〉。

Let established sophisms be dethroned, rooted out, burnt and destroyed, for they are a standing menace to all true nobility of thought and action!

废黜、取走、烧掉和毁灭已建立的诡辩，他们是一切可贵思想与行动的威胁！

Two of them are collections ofsome of his most biting, witty, and insightful essays and articles, andare available in English under the titles Economic Sophisms[14] andSelected Essays on Political Economy.

其中两卷收集了一些他最辛辣、最诙谐、最具远见的论文和文章，并且已经被翻译成英文《经济诡辩》[14]和《政治经济学文选》(Selected Essays on PoliticalEconomy)。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。