话语

This dissertation is just a carrier of education and culture but not a tool of propaganda. Neither is it a certain hypocritical preachment with which education is emblished. On the contrary, it takes its stand upon the true internal world of URPWPSs. Although it is true that pen, paper, and taperecorder are merely technological implements, the user of them will be able to throw his concern to man, if only he has all the qualifications for humanistic spirit.

本文采用质的研究方法，直接走进工农兵学员的"生活世界"和"意义世界"中，以工农兵学员的"自身话语"为分析对象，而不是以"泛政治化"话语或作为某种政治符号的话语为分析对象，这一话语的转变本身就是对教育领域大叙事的政治乌托邦的一种解构，我认为这体现了一种人文精神的立场态度，即民间立场和世俗关怀。

In the culture context of individual words governed by political words, women writers still state their own words by using their unique life experience, survival feeling, and life style. They are on their way to resist the symbolic words and submersion political words .

在"十七年"政治话语强化个性话语的文化语境中，女性作家仍用自己独特的生命体验、生存感受、生活方式述说自己的话语，用真实去抵制被符号化，抵制政治话语对个性话语的淹没。

It summarizes the current advancements in the aboveOmentioned field in terms of eight aspects :①relations between L2 speech perception and production ,②L2 phonological studies ,③L2 speech segmental studies ,④L2 speech acquisition models ,⑤L2 speech suprasegmental studies ,⑥L1 transfer in L2phonological acquisition ,⑦nonO linguistic factors in L2 phonological acquisition ,and ⑧L2 speech instruction.

本文主要探讨了国外第二语言语音习得研究近年来的进展，着重涉及以下8 个方面：①二语口头话语感知与表达的关系、②二语口头话语的音系学研究、③二语口头话语的语段理论研究、④二语音系理论模型的构建、⑤二语口头话语的超音段研究、⑥二语音系习得中的母语迁移、⑦非语言因素对二语音系习得的影响、⑧二语语音教学研究。

Here I am thinking not so much of the probable increase in "illicit" discourses, that is, discourses of infraction that crudely named sex by way of insult or mockery of the new code of decency ; the tightening up of the rules of decorum likely did produce, as a counter effect, a valorization and intensification of indecent speech.

这里，我指的不是"犯禁"话语的可能增多，这些违禁话语粗鲁地凌辱或者嘲讽性，赋予它以新的羞耻。礼仪规范日益严厉，很可能导致相反的结果，使得不得体的话语得到了加强。我所提及的不是那些以粗俗为名的、被侮辱与被新礼仪规范所嘲笑的"违禁"的性话语的可能、甚至增多。礼仪规范的日益严厉，很可能导致相反的结果——不得体话语的稳定与增强。

Correspondingly, there have emerged five genres of narration discourse: state myth discourse, enlight...

与之相应，也出现了五种叙事话语形态———国家神话、启蒙话语、权力话语、私语独白、复调话语

First,"Dreams of the Red Chamber" is a complete overthrow of the Chinese traditional twenty-four histories, and has opened up for us, in a gigantically breading way, the third pedigree of human history with the male and female love as the core and different from the pedigree with the dual division between the good and the bad. Next, along with the affirmation of the third pedigree of human beings,"Dreams of the Red Chamber" enable the female sex acting as the "second sex" for long to come again onto the stage in the human history, thus unprecedentedly disclosing the incomparably grave historic tragedy of the female sex in reality. Finally, more importantly,"Dreams of the Red Chamber" not only consider the ruling of the current discourse as the deepest cause of the female tragedy but also make a restoration with the meaning of the life generation science for the human discourse so as to make the initial word "discourse of love" more original than the discourse of the knowledge nature and bring the following of "God of lover", the new salvation way, into the agenda.

首先，《红楼梦》是对中国传统二十四史的彻底颠覆，并大破大立地为我们开辟出有别于善恶二分谱系的一种以男女情爱为核心的人类历史第三谱系；其次，随着对这一人类第三谱系肯定，《红楼梦》使长期作为&第二性&的女性在人类历史中重新登场，并前所未有地揭露了现实中女性无比深重的历史悲剧；最终，更重要的是，《红楼梦》不仅把现行话语的统治视为女性悲剧的最为深刻原因，而且同时对人类话语进行了一种生命发生学意义的还原，而使一种有别于知识性话语的更为始源的&情的话语&这一泰初之言得以彰显，把对&情的上帝&的昄依这一新的救赎之途提到人类文化的议事日程。

Interpersonal Meaning of Discourse Marker by Foreign Language Teachers in Classroom;2. The result thinks that " you know" is multifunctional, including implicational inference, interpersonal function, utterance repair, turn management.

从会话互动和认知推理的角度对话语标记you know的话语功能进行了研究，结论认为它是多功能的，包括隐含推理功能、人际功能、话语修正功能和话语管理功能。

In the historical context of promoting our national cultural soft power, this paper discusses the cultivation of translation majors from the essence of sinological edification.

摘 要：在西学话语、国学话语、意识形态话语的交织中，处于弱位的国学话语不仅是重铸国魂的文化途径，也是弘扬中国文化的重要方式。

Since Post-Mao era, ideological uses have been more and more covert, deep-rooted, complicated and colligated.

新时期以来中国古代文论研究有三种基本的话语形态：理论阐释型话语、历史考辨型话语和意识形态型话语。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。