话语

Afterwards, this article deals with the making and functions of heroic rhetorical fantasy based on some language materials; the absolute authority rhetorical fantasy created by recessive heroic discouse; the ideal model rhetorical fantasy created by dominant heroic discouse, possessing the functions of paradigm, instruction and dedication; the shaping allegory of rhetorical fantasy created by hero's absolutory discouse; the shaping allegory rhetorical fantasy created by future-hero's absolutory, possessing the functions of proving and punishing; the value identification rhetorical fantasy created by sub-hero's confiding discouse, possessing the functions of assisting, exposing evil and carrying forward good; the background metaphor rhetorical fantasy created by pan-hero's praising discouse, possessing the functions of receiving kindness and worship; the opposite symbolic rhetorical fantasy created anti-hero's foolish discouse.

接着，结合语料对"英雄"修辞幻象的生成与功能进行梳理：隐性英雄的语录式话语生成"绝对权威"的修辞幻象，并具有全面控制的功能；显性英雄的号召式话语生成"理想样板"的修辞幻象，并具有楷范功能、教谕功能和献身功能；准英雄的忏悔式话语生成"成长寓言"的修辞幻象，并具有迷误功能、证明功能和惩戒功能；亚英雄的倾诉式话语生成"价值认同"的修辞幻象，并具有协助功能、显恶功能和扬善功能；泛英雄的颂扬式话语生成"背景隐喻"的修辞幻象，并具有受恩功能和崇拜功能；反英雄的愚狂式话语生成"对立符码"的修辞幻象，并具有反衬功能。

The discourse analysis theory and one-to-one dialogue are kept inanalyzing the application of the rhetorical question to the discourse, for example, its place, type, coherence, condition, choice model, feedback, reduction and clear-up.

本文运用会话分析理论，以两人对话式话语为对象详细分析了反问句在话语进程中的作用，主要包括：反问句在话语中出现的位置；对话中反问句出现的类型：反问句的话轮衔接功能；反问句作为应对句的话语制约机制；对话中反问句的选择模式；对话中反问句如何作为馈语出现；对话中反问句话语功能的弱化现象；对话中反问句的应对语是如何对反诘意味进行消解的。

Love for God's Word 上帝话语的喜爱—"May my children grow to find Your Word more precious than much pure gold and sweeter than honey from the comb."

愿我的孩子成长发现祢的话语比极多的精金可羡慕；且比蜂房下滴的蜜甘甜。

At first transcriptions of Angela"s classroom discourse have been categorized to show the teacher"s three identities, and then they have been further analyzed in the analytical framework from the perspectives of self reference, modality, topic analysis, politeness and exchange structure, to explore the ways she constructs her identities discursively.

首先，通过对该教师的课堂话语进行分类从而确定该教师所构建的三重身份。然后，主要运用Fairclough的社会身份话语分析模式对她的课堂话语从自我称谓、情态语、话题、礼貌原则和话语交换结构等方面进行剖析，揭示该教师各重身份的话语建构过程。

This paper is divided into four parts:Part I, Introduction: We observe the state of humanity on Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu in the present, explained the prosperity and the struggle that Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu discourse on humanity conceptionPart II: Through pectinate the Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu discourse on the humanity conception of the re-interpretation and processing the differences between Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu, give the facility to discuss differences in the interpretation of humanity conception.

本文主要分为四个部分：导论：通过对当下，人性话语使用以及鲁迅梁实秋关于人性问题研究的现状，探寻人性话语阐释、鲁迅梁实秋关于人性话语论争的研究在当下文学评论界的繁荣与纠缠。上篇：通过对鲁迅梁实秋关于人性话语阐释脉络的重新梳理，初探鲁迅梁实秋关于人性话语阐释的差异，为人性话语差异的解读做好铺垫。

Obviously, it seems that his intention is to make another kind of voice out of the deep water, which makes it fight against traditional phalloccntrism; while also entangle on the male dcsire peering at female bodies in his narrative words, using the supposing visual center in the film picture to disguise the ubiquitous male desire peering at female bodies, all which embody the desire to close the western cultural center regardless of the picture handling and cameral lens cutting. Finally, he spends every strain to alleviate visual pressure and catering to the visual feeling of the western audience using narrative tactics, while the real intention to fight for language right with traditional phallocentrism. So it"s safe to say that this is a right fight between traditional phallocentrism and marginal counterpart. Just as the sacrifice of women in Zhang"s films, the marginal women again betrayed in Lous, and women again become the punishing and desire subject and swapping subject between men.

似乎让另外一种声音浮出水面是他的叙事意图，使它能够对抗传统中心话语权威；然而，在他影片的叙事话语中，仍然纠缠于固执的男性对于女性的窥视，利用设定影片画面中的表层观看&中心&，企图掩饰他影片中无处不在的对于女性的窥视欲，无论是在影片画面处理、影片镜头的剪辑上都显示出对西方强势文化中心的靠近，利用其中叙事策略来尽量减轻或者迎合西方观众的视觉接受，而其真正的叙事权威就是利用&边缘&来争夺西方观众的肯定，来与传统男性中心权威话语争夺话语权，这是一场传统男性中心话语权威与男性边缘群体争夺话语权的斗争，就如张艺谋的影片中以牺牲女性为代价，娄的影片中同样牺牲了边缘女性群体，女性再一次成为窥视、惩罚的对象，成为男性交换的对象。

The evolution of philosophical discourse has experienced four periods from ancient to present-day:the preli minary philosophical discourse of human being was the "children discourse",which marked a "fairy tales"times of philosophy;later emerged the"myster ious discourse",which brought into the "myth"times of philosophy;the"phi losophical discourse"during the period of European Renaissance was the"hum ane discourse",which was also called the"humane"times of philosophy;from modern times,philosophical"power discourse"became popular,it tried to judg e and control people's spirit life,which was"official jargon"times of phil osophy.

从古代到现代，哲学话语的演变大致经历了四个时代：人类的早期哲学话语是&儿童话语&，以&儿童话语&为主流的时代是哲学的&童话&时代；随后出现的是&神秘话语&，以&神秘话语&为主流的时代是哲学的&神话&时代；欧洲文艺复兴时期的哲学话语是&人文话语&，这一时代可以称为哲学的&人文&时代；从近代哲学开始，&权力话语&泛滥，哲学力图裁判和主宰人们的精神生活，这一时期是哲学的&官话&时代。

It is adverted to the profound comprehension of Musical Culture, the strict criterion of the Confucianists, the influence of the authenticative vividity. On the inner reason, I mainly study the perform situation and the art inheritance during the drama forming period, such as the simple and rough perform situation Washe and Goulan during the drama forming period, and the influence of various accomplishments especially narrative aria etc.

话语类型主要论述中国戏曲中抒情性话语、叙述性话语和戏剧性话语的分类与特点；话语交流系统主要分析戏曲演出时，行当与观众、人物与观众、人物与人物之间的三重交流语境各自的特点及其相互转换的方式；话语视野主要阐述剧作家外视野对于戏曲中人物内视野的关照，及其对观众接受视野的影响。

Mao Discourse, Mass Discourse and Hu-feng Discourse coexistes in the speech field of the war time. The war participates in the construction of discourse. Becouse the three sort of patterns of discourse deal with the relation of the intellectual and the people in different, it led to the conflict and intensity , caused the crisis and rebirth of intellectual\'s speech in the post-war-time, and betokened the fate picture of Chinese intellectual.

毛氏话语、大众话语和胡风话语共存于战争年代的言说场，战争参与到话语的建构之中；而三种话语模式对知识者与人民关系的不同处理，形成了三种话语模式之间的冲突和紧张，使得知识者的言说在后战争年代出现了危机和新生，从而也预示了知识者的命运图景。

The sixth chapter studies the relationship between MMs and stylistic feature, taking a dynamic perspective to study style, with the second section of this chapter analyzing the usages of MMs in report text and comment text of news style, the third comparing the different usage of three Chinese translations of Uncle Toms Cabin, the fourth analyzing the usage of MMs in three kinds of modern Chinese text , the fifth comparing the usage of MMs in three disciplines academic text and The sixth discussing the interactional rehtorical model, including the establishment of self-identity of speaker/writer, the expectation to reader/hearer, and the intertextuality interaction.

第六章讨论元话语和各语体语篇语体特征的关系，认为从元话语的角度来分析语体是从动态的角度来探讨言语行为和语体类型之间的关系，第二节讨论了报道体和时评体语篇中元话语使用情况，第三节比较了Uncle Tom's Cabin的文言文、古代白话和现代汉语三个译本中元话语标记使用的差异，第四节比较现代汉语三种语体文本中元话语标记使用情况，第五节讨论三个专业的学术论文中元话语标记的使用差异；第六节讨论元话语与语篇的互动修辞，讨论了语篇中表达者自我身份的确立、语篇对接受者的期待和呼吁和语篇的互动模式，说明元话语研究对探讨语篇的修辞互动模式和结构具有重要的意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。