试验方法

Design of experiments is the important ramify of statistics.

试验设计是统计学的重要的分支，主要研究如何制定适当试验方案以及如何对试验数据进行有效统计分析的理论与方法。

The experiment utilized the invertible T slab member which in the actual project is used, according to the differences of the composite stratum and the second reinforced manufactured the different experiment members, adopt the way by steps to bring to bear the equipollent distribution loads with ordinary loam brick, have carried on equipollent distribution dead load test.

试验利用实际工程中正在应用的倒T形板构件，根据叠合层和二次配筋的不同制作各种试验构件，采用普通标准粘土砖分级施加均布荷载的方法，进行了均布静荷载试验。

The modal tests of PCB and PCB assembly (free boundary condition and fixed boundary condition) were carried out. The equivalent elastic modulus and damping parameters of PCB can be gained, and the fixed boundary condition of finite element model was also determined. These will help to the following work.Second, drop impact tests of three different heights were carried out. Strains and acceleration responses of PCB were measured. Failed BGA packages of different test conditions were dyeing, and cross section analysis of failed solder joints was conducted.

针对JEDEC标准试件的局限性，提出了设计便于统计学研究焊点可靠性的试验试件的构想，利用有限元模态分析方法确定并验证了用圆形PCB组件替代JEDEC标准试件的可行性；通过一系列模态试验和有限元模态分析，确定了圆形PCB组件的相关试验参数，这不仅为跌落碰撞下PCB组件有限元模拟确定了较为合理准确的有限元模型，而且为正确地评价跌落碰撞下PCB组件的可靠性问题奠定了基础。2。

The modal tests of PCB and PCB assembly (free boundary condition and fixed boundary condition) were carried out. The equivalent elastic modulus and damping parameters of PCB can be gained, and the fixed boundary condition of finite element model was also determined. These will help to the following work. Second, drop impact tests of three different heights were carried out. Strains and acceleration responses of PCB were measured. Failed BGA packages of different test conditions were dyeing, and cross section analysis of failed solder joints was conducted. It was found in our drop tests that the root cause of lead-free solder joints under drop impact was the combined effect of mechanical shock and PCB bending vibration.

针对JEDEC标准试件的局限性，提出了设计便于统计学研究焊点可靠性的试验试件的构想，利用有限元模态分析方法确定并验证了用圆形PCB组件替代JEDEC标准试件的可行性；通过一系列模态试验和有限元模态分析，确定了圆形PCB组件的相关试验参数，这不仅为跌落碰撞下PCB组件有限元模拟确定了较为合理准确的有限元模型，而且为正确地评价跌落碰撞下PCB组件的可靠性问题奠定了基础。

In the test model, a new type joint connection of one-way hinge is put forward for achieving pure-hinge connection; In the shape forming test, because of the little post-tensioning forces, a new type loading method of twisting nut for drawing wire is put forward in stead of jack tensioning for solving the questions, such as super-tensioning and the nonuniform rate of loading; In the loadtest, a new type vertical loading system of multiple-point fixed pulley is put forward for solving the questions, such as more loading points and larger vertical force at one loading point.

试验模型中，为了实现纯铰接连接，提出了一种新型的单向铰节点连接形式；成形试验中，由于后张拉力较小，提出了一种新型拧螺母抽钢丝的加载方法，很好的解决了千斤顶易超张拉和加载速率不均匀等问题；承载力试验中，为了解决加载点较多、单点加载较大的问题，提出了一种新型多点定滑轮竖向加载系统。

In the test model, a new type joint connection of one-way hinge is put forward for achieving pure-hinge connection; In the shape forming test, because of the little post-tensioning forces, a new type loading method of twisting nut for drawing wire is put forward in stead of jack tensioning for solving the questions, such as super-tensioning and the nonuniform rate of loading; In the load test, a new type vertical loading system of multiple-point fixed pulley is put forward for solving the questions, such as more loading points and larger vertical force at one loading point.

试验模型中，为了实现纯铰接连接，提出了一种新型的单向铰节点连接形式；成形试验中，由于后张拉力较小，提出了一种新型拧螺母抽钢丝的加载方法，很好的解决了千斤顶易超张拉和加载速率不均匀等问题；承载力试验中，为了解决加载点较多、单点加载较大的问题，提出了一种新型多点定滑轮竖向加载系统。

The ELISA titer is 4 times higher than indirect hemagglutination test result.

间接凝集试验与ELISA方法的比较试验表明，ELISA法比间接血凝试验敏感性高4倍以上。

In the clinic test,a total of 53 field samples were comparatively detected with both GICA and reverse indirect hemagglutination assay,and the positive rate were 95.45% and 90.91%,respectively.

在田间试验中，53份试验样本分别用试纸条和反向间接血凝试验进行检测，2种方法的阳性率分别为95.45%和90.91%。

At the beginning, an engineering method called semi-empirical reliability estimation method is introduced. Then, a detailed introduction of the bootstrap method, which has been widely applied to small sample reliability assessing since it was proposed in 1979, is made immediately. At last, a promoted virtual sample expanding method, that the reliability test sample size is expanded from 2-3 to 10, is proposed on the basis of predecessors research results. And the new method associated with bootstrap method is used to assess the test life lower limit in the case of logarithmic normal distribution.

首先阐述了处理极小子样可靠性评估问题较合理的一种工程处理方法—半经验可靠性评估方法，随后详细介绍了近年来在小子样可靠性评估领域发展迅速的Bootstrap方法，最后在前人研究成果的基础上提出了将样本数从n=2～3虚拟增广至n=10的虚拟增广样本推广方法，将该方法应用于服从对数正态分布的寿命总体，利用Bootstrap方法得到了试验寿命下限的估计，并与已有的半经验可靠性评估方法的结果作了比较分析。

Result:There are problems in the management of transfusion reaction,such as incomplete registration,limited range of samples and insufficient testing percentage of the cases,inconsistence in the conclusion of two testing methods of drugs-domestic:hare testing method and limuloid testing method,unawareness of the medical staff and ineffective investiga...

结果 ：输液反应管理中存在以下问题：登记不全；取样范围局限和热原检测比例不足；两种药物热原检测方法—家兔试验法与鲎试验法的结论有不一致性；医务人员思想认识模糊，原因排查不力。结论：健全医院输液反应管理制度，做好各种原始记录，在输液反应热原检测中，鲎试验法更为可靠及时

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新