试验性质的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

It includes determination of properties of the acid protease and lipase, application of acid enzymes to processes of bating pickling pelt and wet blue of sheepskins, analysis of activities of collagenase in acid protease and trypsin. Comparison was conducted to acid bating and common bating. Orthogonal experiments were used to determine influence of some factors in acid bating on qualities of leather. Scanning electronic microscope was used to observe separating of collage fibers.

对酸性蛋白酶、酸性脂肪酶的性能进行了测定；将其用于绵羊服装革生产的酸性软化及蓝湿皮软化中，利用正交试验法研究了酸性酶软化各因素对成革质量的影响，并与常规酶软化进行了对比；用扫描电镜观察了酸性酶软化后胶原纤维的分散情况；对酸性蛋白酶的分子量进行了测定，对比了酸性蛋白酶与胰酶中的胶原酶活力，以说明酸性酶软化与胰酶软化对胶原性质的影响。

In this paper, based on a large number of comparative tests between conventional tests and cone tests on the undisturbed and remolded clayey soils, a new approach to determine the indexes and characteristics of clays is proposed.

本文用圆锥试验和常规试验对原状土和重塑土的物理力学性质进行了大量的对比试验，根据这些试验成果提出了确定粘性土性质指标的新法。

How to easily and reasonably determine the value of principal stress in the direction of plane strain is the key point.

基于弹塑性理论及土的试验规律，在平面应变的简单加载条件下，假定主应力之间的关系为双线性函数，并利用一维固结和破坏时的主应力状态，确定双线性函数的系数，得到平面应变方向上主应力计算公式的一个较合理形式，为应力状态和材料性质的函数。

Vesic's solutions to cavity expansion that include cylindrical cavity expansion and spherical cavity expansion are introduced. Then cylindrical cavity expansion theory is applied to study compaction effect of pile driving in saturated soil. Based on the results of conventional triaxial tests, a trilinear curve model is used to simulate stress-strain curve of strain-softening materials. Meanwhile, trilinear curves are also used to simulate curves of volumetric strain, minor principal strain and major principal strain. By using elasto-plastic theory, analytical solutions to cylindrical cavity expansion in strain-softening soil are presented. According to the mechanism of statically pressed pile driving, compaction effect of pile tip can be viewed as hemispheric cavity expansion. Therefore spherical cavity expansion theory is applied to obtain the solutions to stress, strain, displacement fields and final pressure. Resistance force of pile tip is calculated to estimate static pressure.

介绍了Vesic关于圆孔扩张问题的解答，其中包括柱形孔扩张问题和球形孔扩张问题，并应用柱形孔扩张理论分析了饱和软土中的沉桩挤土效应问题；在常规三轴试验成果的基础上，采用三折线模型模拟具有应变软化性质的岩土材料的应力应变关系曲线，分析了在应变软化土体中沉桩时桩周土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，得到了解析解答；分析了静压桩的沉桩机理，并利用球形孔扩张理论，视桩端处的挤土为半个球形孔的扩张，分析了桩端处土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，并根据最终扩张压力计算出沉桩时的桩端阻力，可作为压桩力的估算。

The results suggested that compared with A-starch and maize starch, there are more quantities of impurities, such as protein, lipid and pentosan, in B-starch. B-starch prepared in the laboratory almost has the same compositions as three samplings, and accords with the reports of some documents too. Differing from the granules in A-starch, those in B-starch are smaller sized (1-10m)and oval shaped, and felted each other. The crystallogram of A- and B-starch are similar, i.e. A type. There is difference in granular distribution between A- and B-starch. The granular distribution of B-starch is anomalous and extensive (l~1259m).B-starch has bigger dilatancy and retrogradation, and smaller blue value, solubility, viscosity, gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy.

试验结果表明：跟玉米淀粉、A淀粉相比较，B淀粉含有的蛋白质、脂肪和戊聚糖等杂质数量多；实验室制备的小麦B淀粉中淀粉、粗蛋白、戊聚糖等含量均与文献的报道接近，也与在工厂采样的B淀粉相近；与A淀粉不同，B淀粉以小颗粒的淀粉为主，平均粒径1～10μm，颗粒形状呈椭圆形，同时颗粒和颗粒之间黏结紧密；B淀粉和A淀粉晶形结构相似，都为A型；B淀粉的粒度分布情况不同于A淀粉，其粒度分布规律性不强，分布范围也较宽，粒度在1～1259μm之间；B淀粉的凝沉值和膨润力大于A淀粉，而沉降体积、蓝值、溶解度、粘度、糊透光度、相变温度和热焓均小于A淀粉；杂质的含量对B淀粉性质的影响是明显的，随着杂质含量的增加，沉降体积、溶解度和透光度减小，膨润力增大，但是它们对凝沉值、蓝值和粘度的影响比较复杂。

Based on the theory of two-phase fluids dynamics, the general governing equation is established, which is applied to the fields of seepage, consolidation and deposit. For the first time, the mechanics properties of the soil affected by seepage are studied by the means of experiment. The problems of the modified indexes of mechanics and constitutive relation are solved due to the formulations obtained of mechanics parameter under seepage condition. Applied fuzzy theory and modern project design method, the fuzzy probability model for stability analysis is stetted up; Considered variation of mechanics parameter and curtain effect, the deformation patterns of deep execution are systematically analyzed.

基于两相流理论，推导了适用于渗流、固结和沉积的统一形式的控制方程；试验研究了渗流作用下土的力学性质的变化规律，经综合分析得到力学指标的定量表达式，为工程设计和数值计算中力学参数的确定提供了参考；基于模糊理论和现代工程设计方法，建立了基坑失稳的模糊概率模型，为基坑稳定性预测提供了新的方法；对基坑变形规律作了系统分析，考虑了土性变化和帷幕防渗效果对支护结构变形的影响，得到了较满意的结果。

This paper gives a detailed description of the properties and harmfulness of dust, the kinematic features of dust and the present situation and technical level of wet dust collectors both at home and abroad, a new type of wet cyclone dust collector has been successfully developed on the basis of the mechanism of wet cyclone dust collection, the theory of rotary airflow field and the similar model test results of the main components of wet cyclone dust collectors by the predecessors, all performance indexes of this new dust collector conform with requirements, it has been applied in Sichuan Changyun Cement Plant and better results have been obtained.

本文详细论述了粉尘的性质和危害、粉尘的运动特性和国内外湿式除尘器的现状及技术水平，在湿式除尘机理、旋转流场理论和前人对湿式旋流除尘器各主要部件的相似模拟试验结果的基础上，成功地研制出各项性能指标均达到要求的湿式旋流除尘器，并在四川省长运水泥厂进行了现场应用，取得了良好的效果。

Directed against the problem on confirming vertical bearing capacity of large diameter cast-in-place pile in the west of coteau area of Yunnan province, the paper, analyses the influence degree of the variety of soil physics and mechanics property in area geology condition on bearing capacity of pile foundation, through 5 piles' loading test; the influence degree of construction technics on bearing capacity of pile foundation under the influence of every exterior factors; the influence degree of grouting injection around the pile shaft on bearing capacity of pile foundation.

本文针对滇西山区大直径灌注桩竖向承载力确定存在的问题，进行了5根试桩的静载荷试验，分析了区域地质条件下土的物理、力学性质的变化对桥梁桩基承载力的影响程度；地下水对桩承载力的影响程度；各种外部因素影响下，桩的施工工艺对桩承载力的影响程度；通过在桩体周围土中注浆对桩承载力的影响程度。

We inform you, that we will require delivery of this first trial order by mid August/2007 or before, in a full mix 20ft container in order to avoid any damages of these ordered goods and with the Certificate of origin, and be sure that all these ordered toys are marked or labeled with the country of origin, and all the export cartons with our shipping marks that we will inform you with the accepted proformas.

我们在此告知您，对于我们第一次试验性质订单的运输，为了避免订单商品运输货损，需要您以20尺集装箱在07年八月中旬或之前装运；并且，请存有订单商品的原产地证明，以保证这些订单玩具标示有生产国名，以及在所有的出口纸箱表面标示我们的运输唛头，以上详细信息我方都在经过双方认可的销货清单中具体告知。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了