试验

In order to study initial stress and ring force transfer between steel plates and concrete in the numerical analysis of RC beam strengthened by bonding steel plates,8 scale-down models of RC beam were manufactured,their loaded whole processes were analyzed by using surface-surface contact analysis method and "birth and death" element method,and a numerical analysis method of strengthening RC beam with initial stress was proposed.

0引言钢板加固钢筋混凝土结构已在国内外受到广泛应用和研究，并且已获得了大量的研究成果，但成果主要来源于室内模型试验。由于受到试验规模的制约，目前所取得的研究成果，特别是试验成果还带有较大的片面性，不能系统地反应其真实的自然规律[1-3]。

This article expatiates and argumentations contents as follow: background and meaningof study the task, basis concept of system simulation, technology of seeable, the theory of inner trajectory and test data analysis, inner trajectory numerical value simulation and test result analysis, computer simulation analysis system of shell in internal ballistic test, technology exploitation scheme of 3D simulation software and so on.

本文对研究课题的背景及意义、系统模拟仿真的基本概念、可视化、内弹道模型与试验数据分析理论、内弹道数值模拟与试验结果分析、炮弹内弹道试验计算机仿真系统、三维仿真软件开发技术方案等内容进行了阐述和论证。

Of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China and stops his separatist activities, we can have contact and discussion

中国在今年进行了反卫星武器的试验，尽管美国和前苏联也进行了这样的试验，但他们在最近的20 年里没有再进行这样的试验。

The anti gastric ulcer effects of Xuedan was investigated with gastric ulcer models induced by being immersed in cold water,having pylorus ligature and HAC injected into serous membrane in rats. The influence of gastric juice secrete in normal rats, the anti inflammation action resulted from auricle swelling in mice, the analgesic action by mice body torsion method and the bacteriostotic effect in vitro were observed.

采用大鼠应激性胃溃疡、幽门结扎性胃溃疡、醋酸致胃溃疡等模型观察雪胆提取物抗胃溃疡作用；对正常大鼠胃液分泌的影响；小鼠耳廓肿胀抗炎试验，扭体法镇痛试验以及体外抑菌试验。

The aim of fast shapen , earlier fruit and production of high quality fruit is implemented by bending and topping; the optimum harvest time of high quality and earlier matured varieties including Shinsui,Choju and Cuiguan by harvest experiment; at the same time ,it is confirmed by preservation experiment that earlier Shinsui can be preserved about 10 days under the 20-30℃ condition. On the base of experiment and practise, Pear pollution-free production technique regulation of Songjiang borough Shanghai and green pear Technique manipulation regulation of crystal pear production Cangqiao Shanghai were established.

通过拉枝摘心，可以达到梨快速成形，早结果，生产优质果品的目的；通过采收试验，确定了优质早熟梨早生新水、长寿、翠冠的最适采收期；同时通过贮藏试验确定，早生新水在20℃～30℃条件下，可存放10天左右，在试验研究和实践基础上，制定了《上海市松江区梨无公害生产技术规程》和绿色梨《上海仓桥水晶梨生产技术操作规程》。

Through comparing the relation of APA test and shearing test, it put forward the maximal to allow shearing strain of RSCH test:?max, the maximal repetitive shearing times: Nmax and minimum to allow APA rutting dynamical stability, which is comparatively suitable to examine the high-temperature performance of the asphalt mixture.

通过比较APA 试验与剪切试验的关系，提出采用RSCH 试验最大允许剪切应变γmax、最大重复剪切次数Nmax 以及最小允许APA 车辙动稳定度，来检验沥青混合料的高温性能是较为合适的。

The environmental laboratory has 1,110 m 2 , in the possession of 20 advanced test equipments that both from China and other countries such as USA , France , Italy , Japan , etc. The speed of decreasing temperature could reach 15 ℃/min, the raising speed of temperature could reach 30 ℃/min and be capable of adjustment continuously. 29 m 3 test box could test temperature, temperature and humidity for large electrician and electronic equipment. The speed of raising temperature could reach 6 ℃/min at best. Vibration test equipment include slipway, it could carry through three axis vibration, and the minimum thrust force is 5 tons.

环境实验室建筑面积 1100 平方米，拥有从美国、法国、意大利、日本等国家引进的国外及国产先进试验测试设备 20 台，降温速度最高可达到 15 ℃/min ，升温速度可达 30 ℃/min且连续可调； 29 立方试验箱能对大型电工电子设备进行温度、温度循环及湿度试验，升温速度最高可达 6 ℃/min ；振动试验设备有滑台，可进行三轴向振动，最大推力可达 5 吨。

Finally, the relationship of control and test is analyzed and the test method which combined the SMA and uniform design is put forward.

最后，分析了试验和控制的相互关系，提出了将序列模型逼近法和均匀试验设计相结合的燃烧模态控制地面试验方法。

Between July 2003 and April 2005, the investigators randomly selected 2,650 individuals aged 50 to 75 years from the Social Security Register of the Canary Islands for participation in the study. They excluded all those with regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or anticoagulants, recent history of screening for colorectal cancer or digestive tract bleeding, and a family or personal history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or coagulopathy. The remaining 2,020 participants, considered to represent a population at average risk for colorectal cancer, were asked to take the GOBT and IOBT and were also invited to undergo a colonoscopy. Of these patients, 1,559 (77%) completed both fecal occult blood tests.

在2003年7月及2005年8月之间，研究人员以随机的方式选定了2，650位50到75岁的患者参与试验，皆来自Canary Island社会安全登录的资料；使用非类固醇抗炎药物或抗凝结药物者皆会被排除，另外会被试验排除的因素，包含大肠直肠癌或消化道出血阳性者，有个人大肠直肠癌病史或家庭病史者、发炎性肠道疾病者及凝血病变者等；剩下的2，020位参与者，被视为足以代表大肠直肠癌的平均风险族群，这些患者被要求测试GOBT及IOBT，而且也进行直肠镜检查；这些患者中，有1559位(77%)完成了两项的粪便潜血试验。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。