诉讼自由

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

The internal value consists in the middle of unjustness of means and justice of procedure,in which the balance between unjustness of means and value of lawsuit expresses the comparison of freedom with safety,individual benefits with social.

诱惑侦查的内在价值存在于方法的不当性和程序的公正性之中。方法不当性与诉讼价值的价值权衡实际是自由与安全、个人利益与社会利益的比较。

I'm not talking about the militant liberal who distributes condoms to olds , desecrates the American flag and takes people to court for saying Merry Christmas .

我不谈论激进自由谁分发避孕套至13岁儿童，亵渎美国国旗，并采取人向法院提出诉讼，说圣诞快乐。

The establishment of constitution litigation has active significance insetting up a stable social method and a socialistic nomacracy county.

宪法诉讼制度的建立对我国建构一个稳定的社会秩序、建立社会主义法治国家，满足人们的自由需求都有着积极的意义。

A much tougher version submitted to the Senate, the Free Speech Protection Act, also gives American-based litigants an additional right to countersue for harassment.

一个牛的多的版本——《言论自由保护法》，已提交给了参议院，它同样给美国的诉讼当事人反诉对方骚扰的额外权利。

A much tougher version submitted to the Senate, the Free Speech Protection Act, also gives American-based litigants an additional right to countersue for harassment.

之后递交至参议院的《言论自由保护法案》更加强势，增赋美国诉讼案件反告对方骚扰的权利。

In order to make up the deficiencies of the actual law, the supreme court promulgate a law named the rules about evidences in civil procedure which uses other countries'salutary experiences for reference and integrates the situationg of our country as well as the basic diathesis of the judges. It establish the principle of modern free evaluaion of evidence that rules the judges look through the evidences according to the legal procedures. Other than following occupational moralities, the judges should handle logistic illations and experiences of daily life to estimate probative power and evidential ability of evidences roundly and objectively.

为弥补现行立法上的漏洞与缺陷，在借鉴其他国家的有益经验的基础上，最高人民法院于2001年12月21日颁布的《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》从我国的现实国情出发并结合我国法官队伍的基本素质，在证据的审查判断上确立了现代自由心证原则，即审判人员应当依照法定程序，全面、客观地审核证据，依据法律的规定，遵循法官职业道德，运用逻辑推理和日常生活经验，对证据有无证明力和证明力大小独立进行判断，并公开判断的理由和结果。

The jury, and more especially the jury in civil cases, serves to communicate the spirit of the judges to the minds of all the citizens; and this spirit, with the habits which attend it, is the soundest preparation for free institutions.

审判团，尤其是一般世俗诉讼中的审判团，将法官的精神传递到了所有公民的思想之中；这种精神和拥有这种精神的习惯，是自由制度最理性的预备。

And then according to the application of the plaintiff, the court of suit thinks that another court in

而受诉法院根据当事人的申请，综合考虑由其受理该案件或者在其他国家进行诉讼对当事人更为方便和公正，于是运用自由裁量权，决定拒绝当事人的申请或者放弃行使管辖权的一种制度。

The article deduces that the right to silence is tightly relation to the plea—bargaining and free proof and the sound social government.

其实，沉默权制度得以在西方国家形成，有其特定的制度文化基础，它与辩诉交易、自由心证等诉讼制度和社会治理状况有重大关联。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。