诉讼自由

Consequently, the power of free proof of evidence in rule-of-law nations was vested in judicial judges, in order to ensure the proof of facts in a right way in cases, which is called free proof and highly valued in countries of the Continental Law System as "foundations of findings of fact without prejudice, Magna Charta of principles of proof of evidence, and non -convertible choice of evidence system in its evolution".

因此，近代以来，法治国家为了保证具体案件中事实认定的正确，纷纷赋予事实审理者自由判断证据和自主认定事实的权力，由此在诉讼中确立了自由心证制度。在大陆法系国家，这一制度被广泛地誉为"无偏见的事实认定的基石、证据判断原则的大宪章、证据制度进化过程中的不可逆转的选择"。

The rules regulating confession of defendants have developed from "the king of evidence" to acquittal without corroborative evidences. With the development of justice of procedure and the protection of human rights,the rule of corroborative evidence has changed from the substantial rules to the exceptional modal rule of the free evaluation of evidence.

口供由历史上的"证据之王"生成的"无供不录案"证据规则到口供未经补强不得定案的证据法则，出现了口供证据适用的反叛；随着诉讼程序正当化和人权保障的深入，补强证据法则也由强化自由心证的实质规则转化为自由心证的例外形式规则，实现了口供证据适用的超越式革命。

Field code and Federation Rules of Civil Procedure inherit critically the free idea of claim joinder in equity law.

菲尔德法典和《联邦民事诉讼规则》均批判地继承了衡平法中的自由合并理念，这一理念在《联邦民事诉讼规则》发展到了极至。

The procurator organ"s discretion to stop the criminal lawsuit means the power of making the decision to stop the lawsuit according to the concrete conditions of the case after criminal suit begins. It is one of the parts of the procurator organ"s criminal discretion, and it has important function in criminal suit.

检察机关终止刑事诉讼自由裁量权是指检察机关在刑事诉讼已经开始后，在法律允许或者默认的情况下，可以根据案件的具体情况进行权衡，以作出是否终止诉讼的决定的权力。

It is material rule form a contrast with litigation structure, producible rule of evidence.

我国现行刑事诉讼结构因较强的职权干预保证了较高的诉讼效率，刑事证据规则的功能在很大程度上被吸收，当务之急首先是完善交叉询问、举证责任等有关证据运用的程序规则以及确立带有根本意义的自由心证原则，刑事证据规则除已有的规定以外，应主要增补排除传闻证据规则。

From the viewpoint of history, the certain CA ecology and themainstream ethic habit and moral rules are coordinated: Traditional accusatorial actionecology adapts the ancient society ethic habit; Traditional inquisitorial action ecologyadapts the grade ethic rules.

从历史发展来看，特定的刑事诉讼生态与社会主流伦理习惯和道德准则是协调一致的：弹劾式诉讼生态适应了古代社会伦理习俗的基本要求；而纠问式诉讼生态必然与奉行等级伦理秩序的道德法则相配套；近代刑事程序改革主题就在于体现了古典自然法道德原则对于人性尊严和人的权利自由的充分确认。

Should be contented to live under a system which leaves to their governors the power of taking from them the trial by jury in civil cases, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of commerce, the habeas corpus laws, and of yoking them with a standing army.

让我震惊的是，这么多的同胞还满足于生活在这样的法律系统之下：他们的政府有权取缔他们在诉讼中受陪审团审判的权利，剥夺他们的宗教自由，出版自由，商业自由和免受非法迫害的自由，这个政府可以要他们负担常设军队的开支。

Finally, the article brings forward the suggestions concerning legislation in the infringement of the right of reputation. It concludes that importing the "actual malice" in public official lawsuits aims to the protection for the news organization. The needless lawsuits will be decreased through constituting the system of damage compensating with punishment and the system of compensation if viciously impleading. There are many indefinite ingredients in press lawsuits such as deciding the damages of the spirit.

第五部分则是对我国新闻侵害名誉权提出的一些立法建议，即对国家工作人员引入&实际上的恶意&以对新闻机构予以倾斜保护、建立惩罚性损害赔偿制度、建立恶意不实诉讼赔偿机制以减少不必要的新闻侵权诉讼，及赋予法官自由裁量权对新闻侵害名誉权诉讼中涉及的精神损害赔偿金等众多不确定因素予以自由裁量，以实现公平和正义。

The new code makes innovation and development in providing the principle of democracy in criminal procedure and the rights and freedom of citizens that have been fixed in Russian Federal Constitution.Establishment of the Code of Criminal Procedure concerning adversary proceeding mode,exclusive rule of illegal evidence and the particular procedure of confession of the accused,all showed the up—to—date sense of value of Russian legislators.

联邦宪法所确定的公民权利和自由以及刑事诉讼的民主原则在新法典中获得创新与发展，其辩论式诉讼模式、非法证据排除规则和被告人认罪的特别审理程序等项内容的确立，反映出俄罗斯在刑事诉讼价值观念上的重大转变。

The civil procedural reform, which begins from 1980s of last century, has been carrying out for more than twenty years. The clients' freedom has more and more obtained the respect in the civil procedure and their common meanings have gradually entered the civil procedure. The tendency of the contractual civil procedure appears day by day.

从上个世纪八十年代开始进行的民事司法改革以来，当事人的自由意志在民事诉讼中越来越得到尊重，当事人之间的合意逐渐融入民事诉讼中，民事诉讼法发展的契约化趋势日益显现出来。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了